Gia concise summary. Concise presentation in OGE in the Russian language. A person is happy in childhood

Concise presentation is one of the components. This type of work seems simple only at first glance. In fact, writing a concise summary is not that easy.

The text for presentation is listened to only twice; it is read not by the school teacher, to whose voice graduates have long been accustomed, but by the announcer. The diction of a professional reading a text for a concise presentation is undoubtedly impeccable. However, the pace of reading is quite fast - and this is just one of the difficulties that ninth-graders will have to face at the OGE.

Among other things, the graduate will be required to present in a compressed form the information contained in the readable text, competently using compression methods and correctly dividing the text into paragraphs.

You can't do without preliminary training! How to train? Listen to audio recordings of texts and write summaries yourself. We offer several audio recordings of texts for condensed presentation.

Audio recording 1 (Text about friendship)

Concise presentation

Friendship always faces challenges. Today, the main one is a change in the way of life and pace of life. People realized the value of time. As a result, joint recreation and hospitality, components of friendship in the past, have lost their significance.

Nowadays people are oppressed by the excess of forced communication, which is especially noticeable in big cities. People prefer to spend their free time in secluded places.

However, the excess of obligatory communication and the desire for isolation did not minimize the need for friendship. Friendly relationships are still valued, and this gives us confidence in the possibility of understanding and support.

Audio 2 (Text about the loss of family ties)

Concise presentation

We often talk about the difficulties of raising a growing person. The biggest problem here is the weakening of family ties, which play an important role in education. Society will have many difficulties with a citizen who has not received a strong moral support in the family.

Another consequence of the weakening of the family principle in upbringing is excessive parental care. Parents, who did not give their children warmth in time, are now trying to make up for it with excessive care and material values.

Text 1

Friendship always faces challenges. The main one today is the changed way of life, a change in the way and routine of life. With the acceleration of the pace of life, with the desire to quickly realize oneself, came an understanding of the importance of time. Previously, it was impossible to imagine, for example, that hosts would be burdened by guests; now, when time is the price of achieving one’s goal, rest and hospitality have ceased to be significant. Frequent meetings and leisurely conversations are no longer indispensable companions of friendship. Due to the fact that we live in different rhythms, meetings of friends become rare.

But here’s a paradox: previously the circle of communication was limited, today a person is oppressed by the redundancy of forced communication. This is especially noticeable in cities with high population density. We strive to isolate ourselves, to choose a secluded place in the subway, in a cafe, in the reading room of a library.

Friendship always faces challenges. The main one today is the changed way of life. With the acceleration of the pace of life came an understanding of the importance of time. Time has become the price of achieving your goal. Frequent meetings and leisurely conversations are no longer indispensable companions of friendship. Due to the fact that we live in different rhythms, meetings of friends become rare.

At the same time, previously the circle of communication was limited, today a person is oppressed by the redundancy of forced communication. This is especially noticeable in big cities. We strive to retire, to isolate ourselves.

Text 2

Each of us once had favorite toys. Perhaps every person has bright and tender memories associated with them, which he carefully keeps in his heart. A favorite toy is the most vivid memory from every person’s childhood.

In the age of computer technology, real toys no longer attract as much attention as virtual ones, but, despite all the emerging new products, such as telephones and computer equipment, the toy still remains unique and irreplaceable of its kind. After all, nothing teaches and develops a child better than a toy with which he can communicate, play and even gain life experience.

A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, make him mentally healthy, instill love for others, form a correct understanding of good and evil, you need to carefully choose a toy, remembering that it will bring into his world not only its image, but also behavior, attributes, as well as a system of values ​​and worldviews. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys.

Each of us once had favorite toys. Perhaps every person has a carefully preserved bright and tender memory associated with them. A favorite toy is the most vivid memory from childhood.

In the age of computer technology, real toys do not attract as much attention as virtual ones. But an ordinary toy still remains unique and irreplaceable of its kind, because it teaches and develops a child, he can communicate with it, play, and gain life experience.

A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, to instill love for others, you need to carefully choose a toy, remembering that it will bring behavior, attributes, a value system and worldview into his world. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys.

Text 3

When I was ten years old, someone’s caring hand gave me a volume of “Hero Animals.” I consider it my “alarm clock”. I know from other people that for them the “wake-up call” of the feeling of nature was a month spent in the village in the summer, a walk in the forest with a person who “opened his eyes to everything,” the first trip with a backpack. There is no need to list everything that can awaken in human childhood interest and reverent attitude towards the great mystery of life.

Growing up, a person must comprehend with his mind how complexly everything in the living world is intertwined and interconnected, how this world is strong and at the same time vulnerable, how everything in our lives depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of living nature. This school is a must have.

And yet, at the beginning of everything is Love. When awakened in time, it makes learning about the world interesting and exciting. With it, a person also finds a certain point of support, an important point of reference for all the values ​​of life. Love for everything that turns green, breathes, makes sounds, sparkles with colors - this is the love that brings a person closer to happiness.

When I was about ten years old, I read the book Animal Heroes. I consider it my “alarm clock”. I know that for some people, the “wake-up call” for their sense of nature was a month in the village, their first trip with a backpack...

There is no need to list everything that can awaken in childhood interest and a special attitude towards the great mystery of life. Growing up, a person comprehends with his mind how everything in the living world is interconnected, how strong it is and at the same time vulnerable, how everything depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of living nature. This school is a must have.

And yet, at the beginning of everything is Love. She makes learning about the world interesting. With it, a person acquires an important point of reference for all the values ​​of life. Love for nature is the love that brings a person closer to happiness.

Text 4

No matter how interesting a child’s home and school life may be, if he does not read precious books, he will be deprived. Such losses are irreparable. Adults can read a book today or in a year - the difference is small. In childhood, time is counted differently; here every day there are discoveries. And the acuteness of perception in childhood is such that early impressions can later influence the rest of one’s life.

Childhood impressions are the most vivid and lasting impressions. This is the foundation of future spiritual life, a golden fund. In childhood, the seeds are sown. Not everyone will germinate, not everyone will bloom. But the biography of the human soul is the gradual germination of seeds sown in childhood.

Subsequent life is complex and varied. It consists of millions of actions, determined by many character traits and, in turn, forming this character. But if you trace and find the connection between phenomena, it will become obvious that every character trait of an adult, every quality of his soul and, perhaps, even every action of his were sown in childhood, and since then have had their own germ, their own seed.

No matter how interesting a child’s home and school life may be, without reading precious books he is deprived. Such losses are irreparable. Adults can read the book today or in a year. As a child, every day is a discovery. The acuity of perception in childhood is such that early impressions can affect the rest of your life. Vivid and lasting impressions of childhood are the foundation of a future spiritual life, a golden fund.

In childhood, the seeds are sown. Not everything will germinate or bloom. But the biography of the human soul is the germination of seeds sown in childhood.

Later life is difficult. It consists of millions of actions that are determined by character and shape it. Every character trait of an adult, qualities and actions were sown in childhood, had their own germ, their own seed.

Text 5

We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a person just starting out in life. And the biggest problem is the weakening of family ties, the diminishing importance of the family in raising a child. And if in the early years nothing strong in a moral sense was instilled in a person by his family, then later society will have a lot of trouble with this citizen.

The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and, feeling this guilt, strive in the future to pay off their internal spiritual debt with belated petty care and material benefits.

The world is changing, becoming different. But if parents were unable to establish internal contact with the child, shifting the main concerns to grandparents or public organizations, then one should not be surprised that another child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness so early that his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry.

We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a young person. The biggest problem is the weakening of family ties, the role of the family in raising a child. If in the early years nothing strong in a moral sense was instilled in a person by his family, then later society will have problems with this citizen.

The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and strive to pay off their spiritual debt with belated care and material benefits.

The world is changing. But if the parents were unable to establish internal contact with their son or daughter, then another child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness, his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry.

Text 6

Morality is a guide to life. And if you deviate from the road, you may well wander into a windfall, thorny bushes, or even drown. That is, if you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to behave the same towards you.

How should we approach this phenomenon? Be philosophical. Do good and know that it will surely pay off. I assure you that you yourself will receive pleasure from doing good. That is, you will be happy. And this is the goal in life - to live it happily. And remember: sublime natures do good.

One person was told that an acquaintance had spoken unflatteringly about him. "Can't be! - the man exclaimed. “I didn’t do anything good for him...” This is an algorithm of black ingratitude, when good is answered with evil. This man met with people who had mixed up the guidelines on the moral compass.

Morality is a guide to life. If you deviate from the road, you can wander into a windfall or drown. That is, if you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to respond in kind.

This phenomenon should be treated philosophically. Do good, from this you will receive pleasure, that is, you will be happy. The goal in life is to live it happily. And remember: sublime natures do good.

Text 7

Times are changing, new generations are coming, for whom, it would seem, everything is different from the previous ones: tastes, interests, life goals. But intractable personal issues, meanwhile, for some reason remain unchanged. Today's teenagers, like their parents in their time, are concerned about the same thing: how to attract the attention of the one you like? How to distinguish infatuation from true love?

A youthful dream of love is, no matter what they say, first of all, a dream of mutual understanding. After all, a teenager definitely needs to realize himself in communication with peers: to demonstrate his ability to sympathize and empathize. And just to show his qualities and abilities to those who are friendly towards him, who are ready to understand him.

Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two people in each other. Trust, which reveals in everyone the best that a person is capable of. True love certainly includes friendships, but is not limited to them. It is always greater than friendship, since only in love do we recognize another person’s full right to everything that makes up our world.

Times change, but difficult personal issues remain the same. How to attract the attention of someone you like? How to distinguish infatuation from true love?

A youthful dream of love is a dream of mutual understanding. After all, a teenager definitely needs to realize himself in communication with peers: to demonstrate his ability to sympathize and empathize. And just show your qualities and abilities to those who are ready to understand him.

Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two people in each other. Trust that brings out the best that a person is capable of. True love is not limited to friendships. It is always greater than friendship, since only in love do we recognize another person’s full right to what makes up our world.

Text 8

Self-doubt is an ancient problem, but it attracted the attention of doctors, teachers and psychologists relatively recently - in the middle of the 20th century. It was then that it became clear: ever-increasing self-doubt could cause a lot of troubles - even serious illnesses, not to mention everyday problems.

What about psychological problems? After all, self-doubt can serve as the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. Let’s imagine how uncomfortable it is to feel dependent: other people’s assessments seem more important and meaningful to him than his own. He sees his every action primarily through the eyes of those around him. And most importantly, he wants approval from everyone: from loved ones to passengers on the tram. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess the life situation.

How to overcome self-doubt? Some scientists are looking for an answer to this question based on physiological processes, others rely on psychology. One thing is clear: self-doubt can be overcome only if a person is able to correctly set goals, relate them to external circumstances and positively evaluate their results.

Self-doubt is an ancient problem, but it gained attention in the mid-20th century. Then it became clear: ever-increasing self-doubt can cause various troubles, including serious illnesses.

Lack of self-confidence can become the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. For an addict, other people's assessments seem more important than their own. He wants approval from everyone. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess life situations.

How to overcome self-doubt? Scientists are looking for an answer to this question. You can overcome self-doubt if you set goals correctly and positively evaluate your results.

Text 9

The essence of the concept of “power” lies in the ability of one person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. A tree, if not disturbed, grows straight up. But even if it does not manage to grow evenly, then it, bending under obstacles, tries to get out from under them and stretch upward again. So is man. Sooner or later he will want to disobey. Submissive people usually suffer, but if once they have managed to throw off their “burden,” they often turn into tyrants themselves.

If you command everywhere and everyone, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. Such a person will always be lonely. After all, he does not know how to communicate on equal terms. Inside he has a dull, sometimes unconscious anxiety. And he feels calm only when people unquestioningly carry out his orders. The commanders themselves are unhappy people, and they breed misfortune, even if they achieve good results.

Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages knows how to take responsibility for actions. This approach preserves the mental health of both the person himself and those around him.

The essence of the concept of “power” lies in the ability of a person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. A tree, if not disturbed, grows straight up. Even bending under obstacles, it tries to stretch upward. So is man. Sooner or later he will want to disobey. Submissive people suffer and often turn into tyrants.

If you always command, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. The commander does not know how to communicate on equal terms. He feels calm when people unquestioningly carry out his orders. The commanders themselves are unhappy people and breed misfortune.

Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages knows how to take responsibility. This approach preserves the mental health of the person himself and those around him.

Text 10

Is it possible to define what art is in one comprehensive formula? Of course not. Art is charm and witchcraft, it is the identification of the funny and the tragic, it is morality and immorality, it is the knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something separate, capable of existing outside of himself and remaining after him as his trace in history.

The moment a person turns to creativity is perhaps the greatest discovery, unparalleled in history. After all, through art, each individual person and the people as a whole comprehend their characteristics, their life, their place in the world. Art allows us to come into contact with personalities, peoples and civilizations that are distant from us in time and space. And not just touch, but recognize and understand them, because the language of art is universal, and it is this that makes it possible for humanity to feel itself as a single whole.

That is why, since ancient times, an attitude towards art has been formed not as entertainment or amusement, but as a powerful force capable of not only capturing the image of time and man, but also passing it on to descendants.

Is it possible to define what art is in one formula? No. Art is charm and witchcraft, revealing the funny and tragic, morality and immorality, knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something separate, capable of leaving a mark on history.

The moment a person turns to creativity is the greatest discovery. After all, through art, every person and people as a whole comprehend their life, their place in the world. Art allows us to come into contact with personalities, peoples, civilizations distant from us in time and space. Recognize and understand them, because the language of art is universal, and it is it that makes it possible for humanity to feel like a single whole.

That is why, since ancient times, art was considered a force capable of capturing the image of time and man and passing it on to descendants.

Text 11

The war was a cruel and rough school for children. They sat not at desks, but in frozen trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but armor-piercing shells and machine gun belts. They did not yet have life experience and therefore did not understand the true value of simple things that you do not attach importance to in everyday peaceful life.

The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could childishly rejoice at the spring crane wedge, as they had never rejoiced either before or after the war, with tenderness they could keep in their souls the warmth of bygone youth. Those who survived returned from the war, having managed to preserve within themselves a pure, radiant peace, faith and hope, becoming more uncompromising to injustice, kinder to goodness.

Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time.

The war was a cruel and rough school for children. They sat not at desks, but in trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but armor-piercing shells and machine-gun belts. Not yet having life experience, the children did not understand the true value of simple things.

The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could childishly rejoice at the spring crane wedge, and with tenderness keep in their souls the warmth of bygone youth. The survivors managed to maintain pure peace, faith and hope within themselves, becoming kinder to goodness.

Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live on. The main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time.

Text 12

There is simply no universal recipe for how to choose the right, the only true, destined path in life. And the final choice always remains with the person. We make this choice already in childhood, when we choose friends, learn to build relationships with peers, and play.

But we still make most of the most important decisions that determine our life path in our youth. According to scientists, the second half of the second decade of life is the most crucial period. It is at this time that a person, as a rule, chooses the most important thing for the rest of his life: his closest friend, his circle of main interests, his profession.

It is clear that such a choice is a responsible matter. It cannot be brushed aside, it cannot be put off until later. You shouldn’t hope that the mistake can be corrected later: you’ll have time, your whole life is ahead! Some things, of course, can be corrected and changed, but not everything. And wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. After all, success comes to those who know what they want, make decisive choices, believe in themselves and persistently achieve their goals.

There is no and cannot be a universal recipe for how to choose the right, destined path in life. And the final choice always remains with the person.

We make this choice already in childhood, when we choose friends and learn to play. But we still make most of the most important decisions in our youth. This is the most crucial period. At this time, a person chooses the most important thing in life: his closest friend, circle of interests, profession.

Such a choice is a responsible matter. It is impossible to dismiss him. You should not hope that the error can be corrected later. Wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. Success comes to those who know what they want and decisively go towards the goal.

Text 13

There are values ​​that change, are lost, disappear, becoming the dust of time. But no matter how society changes, eternal values ​​remain for thousands of years, which are of great importance for people of all generations and cultures. One of these eternal values, of course, is friendship.

People very often use this word in their language, they call certain people their friends, but few people can formulate what friendship is, who a real friend is, what he should be. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on mutual openness of people, complete trust and constant readiness to help each other at any time.

The main thing is that friends have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines. Then they will be able to be friends, even if their attitudes to certain life phenomena are different. And then true friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other only occasionally, be separated for many years, and still remain very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

There are values ​​that change, are lost, becoming the dust of time. But no matter how society changes, eternal values ​​remain that are significant for people of all generations and cultures. One of them is friendship.

People often use this word in their language, but few can say what friendship is, who a true friend is. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on openness, trust and readiness to help each other at any time.

The main thing is that friends have the same life values ​​and guidelines, then they can be friends, even if their attitude to certain phenomena in life is different. Then friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other occasionally and still remain very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

Text 14

The word “mother” is a special word. It is born with us, accompanies us in the years of growing up and maturity. It is babble by a child in a cradle, spoken with love by a young man and an old man. The language of any nation has this word, and in all languages ​​it sounds tender and affectionate.

The place of a mother in our lives is special, exceptional. We always bring our joy and pain to her and find understanding. Mother's love inspires, gives strength, inspires deeds. In difficult life circumstances, we always remember our mother, and at this moment we only need her. A man calls his mother and believes that no matter where she is, she hears him, has compassion and is in a hurry to help. The word “mother” becomes equivalent to the word life.

How many artists, composers, and poets have created wonderful works about mothers. "Take care of mothers!" - the famous poet Rasul Gamzatov proclaimed in his poem. Unfortunately, we realize too late that we forgot to say a lot of good and kind words to our mothers. To prevent this from happening, you need to give them joy every day and hour, because grateful children are the best gift for them.

The word “mother” is a special word. It is always with us: in childhood, youth, maturity, old age. The language of every nation has this word. And in all languages ​​it sounds tender and affectionate.

The place of a mother in our lives is special. We bring her our joy and pain, we find understanding. Mother's love gives strength and inspires heroism. In difficult circumstances, we always remember our mother. A person calls his mother, believing that she hears, has compassion, and is in a hurry to help. The words “mother” and “life” become equivalent.

How many wonderful works have been created about mother! Very late we realize that we forgot to say a lot of good, kind words to our mother. To prevent this from happening, you need to give them joy every day and hour. Grateful children are the best gift for them.

Text 15

In a society where the idea of ​​individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about such things as mutual assistance and mutual assistance. And human society was formed and continues to exist thanks to a common cause and helping the weak, thanks to the fact that each of us complements each other. And how can we now support the completely opposite point of view, which says that there are no other interests other than our own?

And the point here is not even that it sounds selfish. The fact is that it is in this issue that personal and public interests intertwine. Do you understand how much deeper this is than it seems? After all, individualism destroys society, and, therefore, weakens us. And only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society.

And what is more in our interests – mutual assistance or primitive selfishness? There can be no two opinions here. We must understand each other if we all want to live well together and not depend on anyone. And when helping people in difficult times, there is no need to expect gratitude, you just need to help without looking for benefits for yourself. Then they will definitely help you in return.

In a society where individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about mutual assistance and assistance. Society was formed and exists thanks to a common cause, helping the weak, thanks to the fact that each of us complements each other. How can we now believe that there are no interests other than our own? Personal and public interests are intertwined in this issue.

It's deeper than it seems. Individualism destroys society and weakens us. Only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society.

What is more in line with our common interests – mutual assistance or primitive selfishness? The answer is clear. We must help each other if we want to live well and not depend on anyone. You just need to help without expecting gratitude, without looking for benefits, then they will definitely help you in return.

Text 16

I remember hundreds of boys’ answers to the question: what kind of person do you want to become? Strong, brave, courageous, smart, resourceful, fearless... And no one said - kind. Why is kindness not put on a par with such virtues as courage and bravery? But without kindness, genuine warmth of the heart, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible.

And experience confirms that good feelings should be rooted in childhood. If they are not raised in childhood, you will never educate them, because they are acquired simultaneously with the knowledge of the first and most important truths, the main one of which is the value of life, someone else’s, your own, the life of the animal world and plants. Humanity, kindness, goodwill are born in excitement, joy and sorrow.

Good feelings, emotional culture are the focus of humanity. Today, when there is already enough evil in the world, we should be more tolerant, attentive and kind towards each other, towards the living world around us and do the bravest acts in the name of good. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and only path for a person. It is tested, it is true, it is useful both to the individual and to society as a whole.

I remembered hundreds of boys’ answers to the question: what kind of person do you want to become? – Strong, courageous, smart... And no one said: kind. But without kindness, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible.

Good feelings are the center of humanity. Today, when there is already enough evil in the world, it is worth being more tolerant, attentive and kind to each other, to the living world around us. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and only path for a person. He is tried, true and useful to everyone.

Learning to feel and sympathize is the most difficult thing in education. If good feelings are not cultivated in childhood, you will never cultivate them. In childhood, a person must go through an emotional school - the school of instilling good feelings. Humanity and kindness are born in worries, worries, joys and sorrows.

Text 17

In childhood, a person is happy, as they say now, by default. By nature, a child is a creature instinctively predisposed to happiness. No matter how difficult and even tragic his life may be, he still rejoices and constantly finds new and new reasons for this. Perhaps because there is nothing to compare life with yet. He does not yet suspect that it could be somehow different, but most likely, it is still because the soul has not yet had time to become covered with a shell and is more open to goodness and hope than the soul of an adult.

And with age, everything seems to turn inside out. No matter how calm and prosperous life may be, we will not calm down until we find some thorn in it, a clumsiness, a problem, we cling to it and feel deeply unhappy. And we believe in the drama we have invented, we sincerely complain about it to our friends, we waste time, health, and mental strength on worries.

Only when a truly real tragedy happens do we understand how absurd imaginary suffering is and how trivial the reason for it is. Then we grab our heads and say to ourselves: “Lord, what a fool I was when I suffered because of some nonsense. No, to live for your own pleasure and enjoy every minute.”

In childhood, a person is happy by default. A child is instinctively predisposed to happiness. Under any circumstances, he rejoices and constantly finds new reasons for this. Perhaps because he has nothing to compare his life with yet, that the child’s soul has not yet had time to be covered with a protective shell and is more open to goodness and hopes than the soul of an adult.

With age, everything changes. No matter how well our life develops, we will not calm down until we find some problem in it, feeling deeply unhappy. We believe in the drama we have invented, we sincerely complain to our friends, we worry.

Only when a truly real tragedy happens do we understand how absurd imaginary suffering is. Then we realize that we have committed a stupidity, suffering because of nonsense, we understand that we need to enjoy life.

Text 18

I was betrayed by a loved one, I was betrayed by my best friend. Unfortunately, we hear such statements quite often. Most often, those in whom we have invested our souls betray. The pattern here is this: the greater the benefit, the stronger the betrayal. In such situations, I remember the statement of Victor Hugo: “I am indifferent to the knife blows of an enemy, but the pin prick of a friend is painful to me.”

Many endure bullying, hoping that the traitor’s conscience will awaken. But something that is not there cannot wake up. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it. A traitor usually explains his act by the interests of the case, but in order to justify the first betrayal, he commits a second, third, and so on ad infinitum.

Betrayal precisely destroys a person’s dignity, as a result, traitors behave differently. Someone defends their behavior, trying to justify what they did, someone falls into a feeling of guilt and fear of impending retribution, and someone simply tries to forget everything, without burdening themselves with emotions or thoughts. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty, worthless and meaningless.

I was betrayed by a loved one, my best friend. We hear such statements quite often. Most often, those in whom we have invested our souls betray. The pattern is this: the greater the benefit, the stronger the betrayal. The “friend’s pin prick” brings severe pain.

Many endure bullying, hoping to awaken the conscience of the traitor. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it. A traitor usually explains his action by the interests of the cause, committing one betrayal after another.

Betrayal destroys a person’s dignity, and traitors behave differently. They try to justify what they did, fall into a feeling of guilt and fear, and try to forget everything. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty and meaningless.

Text 19

The Great Patriotic War is receding further into the past, but the memory of it is alive in the hearts and souls of people. Indeed, how can we forget our unprecedented feat, our irreparable sacrifices made in the name of victory over the most insidious and cruel enemy - German fascism.

The severity of the four years of war cannot be compared with any other years in our history. But a person’s memory weakens over time, and bit by bit the secondary things disappear from it: less significant and bright; and then - the essential. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans, those who went through the war and could talk about it. If documents and works of art do not reflect the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. And this cannot be allowed!

The theme of the Great Patriotic War has fueled literature and art for decades. Many wonderful films have been made about the life and feats of man during the war, and wonderful works of literature have been created. And there is no intentionality here, there is pain that does not leave the soul of the people who lost millions of human lives during the war years. But the most important thing in a conversation on this topic is to maintain moderation and tact in relation to the truth of the war, to its participants, the living, but mainly the dead.

The Great Patriotic War is becoming a thing of the past, but the memory of it is alive. It is impossible to forget the feat and sacrifices made in the name of victory. Four years of war cannot be compared with anything in terms of the severity of the experience. The most important feature of the war is its national character, when everyone fought for a common cause, gave themselves without reserve in the name of the coming victory...

But a person's memory weakens over time. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans. If documents and works of art do not reflect the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. This cannot be allowed.

The theme of the Great Patriotic War nourishes literature and art. Films have been made about the war and works of literature have been created. This is the pain of the people who lost millions of human lives during the war years. When discussing this topic, it is important to maintain moderation and tact in relation to the truth of the war and its participants.

Text 20

There is no person in the modern world who does not come into contact with art. Its significance in our life is great. Books, cinema, television, theater, music, painting have firmly entered our lives and have a huge influence on it. But fiction has a particularly strong impact on a person.

Contact with the world of art gives us joy and selfless pleasure. But it would be wrong to see in the works of writers, composers, and artists only a means of obtaining pleasure. Of course, we often go to the cinema, sit down to watch the TV, and pick up a book to relax and have fun. And the artists, writers, and composers themselves structure their works in such a way as to maintain and develop the interest and curiosity of viewers, readers, and listeners. But the importance of art in our lives is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.

Art is capable of preserving the characteristic features of an era, giving people the opportunity to communicate with each other across decades and centuries, becoming a kind of memory repository for subsequent generations. It imperceptibly shapes a person’s views and feelings, character, tastes, and awakens a love of beauty. That is why, in difficult moments of life, people often turn to works of art, which become a source of spiritual strength and courage.

There is no person in the modern world who does not come into contact with art. The importance of art, which has firmly entered our lives, is great.

Contact with the world of creativity brings joy and selfless pleasure. It is wrong to see works of art only as a means of obtaining pleasure. The importance of art in our lives is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.

Art is capable of preserving the characteristic features of an era, becoming a repository of memory for subsequent generations. It imperceptibly shapes a person’s views, character, tastes, and awakens a love for beauty. Therefore, in difficult moments of life, people turn to works of art, which become a source of spiritual strength and courage.

Text 21

To appreciate kindness and understand its meaning, you must experience it yourself. You need to accept the ray of someone else's kindness and live in it. One must feel how a ray of this kindness takes possession of the heart, word and deeds of one’s whole life. Kindness comes not out of obligation, not out of duty, but as a gift.

Someone else's kindness is a premonition of something greater, which is not even immediately believed. This is the warmth from which the heart warms and begins to move in response. A person who has once experienced kindness cannot help but respond sooner or later, confidently or uncertainly, with his kindness.

It is a great happiness to feel the fire of kindness in your heart and give it free rein in life. In this moment, in these hours, a person finds his best in himself, hears the singing of his heart. “I” and “mine” are forgotten, what is alien disappears, for it becomes “mine” and “me.” And there is no place left in the soul for enmity and hatred. (138 words)

To appreciate and understand kindness, you need to experience it yourself, perceive the ray of someone else’s kindness, and live in it. You need to feel how he takes control of your heart, word, and deeds. Kindness comes not out of obligation, but as a gift.

Someone else's kindness is a premonition of something that is not immediately believed. This is the warmth from which the heart warms and begins to move in response. A person who has once experienced kindness will sooner or later respond with his own kindness.

Great happiness is to feel the fire of kindness in your heart and give it free rein in life. At this moment, a person finds the best in himself, hears the singing of his heart. “I” and “one’s own” are forgotten, and what is alien disappears. There is no place left in the soul for enmity and hatred.

Text 22

If you take away a person’s ability to dream, then one of the most powerful motivations that gives rise to culture, art, science and the desire to fight for a wonderful future will disappear. But dreams should not be divorced from reality. They must predict the future and create in us the feeling that we are already living in this future and that we ourselves are becoming different.

Not only children, but also adults need a dream. It causes excitement, a source of high feelings. She does not allow us to calm down and always shows us new sparkling distances, a different life. It disturbs and makes you passionately desire this life. This is its value.

Only a hypocrite can say that we need to calm down and stop. To fight for the future, you need to be able to dream passionately, deeply and effectively. You need to cultivate in yourself a continuous desire for what is meaningful and beautiful. (123 words)

If you take away a person’s ability to dream, one of the reasons that gives birth to art, science and the desire to fight for the future will disappear. But dreams should not be divorced from reality. They must predict the future and create the feeling that we are already living in this future and are changing ourselves.

Everyone needs a dream. She is a source of high feelings. She doesn’t let you calm down, she shows you new horizons, a different life. Its value lies in the fact that it disturbs and makes one desire this life.

Only a hypocrite can say that we should stop there. To fight for the future, you need to be able to dream, to cultivate in yourself a continuous desire for what is meaningful and beautiful.

Text 23

What are the benefits of reading? Is it true that reading is useful? Why do so many people continue to read? After all, not only to relax or occupy free time.

The benefits of reading books are obvious. Books broaden a person’s horizons, enrich his inner world, and make him smarter. It is also important to read books because it increases a person’s vocabulary and develops clear and clear thinking. Everyone can verify this by their own example. One has only to thoughtfully read some classical work, and you will notice how easier it has become to express your own thoughts with the help of speech, to select the right words. A person who reads speaks more competently. Reading serious works makes us constantly think, it develops logical thinking. Don't believe me? And you read something from the classics of the detective genre, for example, “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes” by Conan Doyle. After reading, you will think faster, your mind will become sharper and you will understand that reading is useful and beneficial.

It is also useful to read books because they have a significant influence on our moral guidelines and on our spiritual development. After reading one or another classic work, people sometimes begin to change for the better. (based on Internet materials) 168 words

What are the benefits of reading? Why do people read? After all, not only to relax or occupy free time.

Books broaden a person’s horizons, enrich their inner world, and make them smarter. Reading increases a person's vocabulary and develops clear thinking. Everyone can be convinced of this. It’s worth reading a classic work thoughtfully, and you will notice how easier it has become to express thoughts using speech and select the right words. A person who reads speaks more competently. Reading serious works makes us constantly think, develops logical thinking, intelligence, and intelligence.

Books have a significant influence on our moral guidelines and spiritual development. After reading a classic work, people sometimes change for the better.

Text 24

What is a good book? Firstly, the book should be exciting and interesting. After reading the first pages there should be no desire to put it on the shelf. We are talking about books that make us think and express emotions. Secondly, the book should be written in rich language. Thirdly, it must carry a deep meaning. Original and unusual ideas also make the book useful.

You should not get carried away by any one genre or type of literature. Thus, a passion for the fantasy genre alone can turn young readers into goblins and elves who know the way to Avalon much better than the way home.

If you have not read books from the school curriculum or read them in an abbreviated form, you should start with them. Classical literature is a must-have foundation for every person. Great works contain disappointment and joy, love and pain, tragedy and comedy. They will teach you to be sensitive, emotional, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. Naturally, read popular science literature. It will expand your horizons, form knowledge about the world, help you determine your path in life, and provide an opportunity for self-development. We hope that these reasons for reading will make the book your best friend. (based on Internet materials) 174 words

What is a good book? It should be exciting and interesting. After reading the first pages there should be no desire to put it on the shelf. We are talking about books that make you think and express emotions. The book should be written in rich language. It must carry a deep meaning. Original and unusual ideas also make the book useful.

You should not get carried away by any one genre or type of literature. Focusing solely on the fantasy genre can turn young readers into those who know the way to Avalon better than the way home. If you have not read books from the school curriculum, you should start with them. Classical literature is a must-have foundation for every person. It has

disappointment and joy, love and pain, tragedy and comedy. Such books will teach sensitivity, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. Popular science literature will broaden your horizons, help you determine your path in life, and provide the opportunity for self-development.

We hope the reasons for reading will make the book your best friend.

Text 25

Having a family and children is as necessary and natural as it is necessary and natural to work. The family has long been held together by the moral authority of the father, who was traditionally considered the head. The children respected and obeyed their father. He was engaged in agricultural work, construction, logging and firewood. The entire burden of peasant labor was shared with him by his adult sons.

The management of the household was in the hands of the wife and mother. She was in charge of everything in the house: she looked after the livestock, took care of food, and clothing. She did not do all this work alone: ​​even children, having barely learned to walk, little by little, along with play, began to do something useful.

Kindness, tolerance, mutual forgiveness of insults grew into mutual love in a good family. Grumpiness and quarrelsomeness were considered a punishment of fate and evoked pity for their bearers. One had to be able to give in, forget the offense, respond kindly or remain silent. Love and harmony between relatives gave rise to love outside the home. It is difficult to expect respect for other people from a person who does not love and respect his family. (according to Belov) 148 words

Having a family and children is necessary and natural. The family has long been held together by the moral authority of the father. The children respected and obeyed the head of the family. He was engaged in peasant labor, the full burden of which was shared with him by his adult sons.

The management of the household was in the hands of the wife, the mother. She was in charge of everything in the house, taking care of food and clothing. The children helped her in everything...

In a good family there was mutual love. Grumpiness and quarrelsomeness were considered a punishment of fate and aroused pity. One had to be able to give in, forget the insult, and respond kindly. Love and harmony within the family gave rise to love outside the home. It is difficult to expect respect for other people from a person who does not love and respect his family.

Text 26

The word "culture" is multifaceted. What, first of all, does true culture contain? It carries the concept of spirituality, light, knowledge and true beauty. And if people understand this, then our country will become prosperous. And therefore it would be very good if every city and town had its own cultural center, a creative center not only for children, but also for people of all ages.

True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. And such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is, what it consists of, and what its significance is.

The key note of culture can be such concepts as peace, truth, beauty. It would be good if honest and selfless people, selflessly devoted to their work, and respecting each other, were involved in culture. Culture is a huge ocean of creativity, there is enough space for everyone, there is something for everyone. And if we all begin to participate together in its creation and strengthening, then our entire planet will become more beautiful. (according to M. Tsvetaeva) 152 words

The word "culture" is multifaceted. What does true culture contain? Spirituality, light, knowledge, beauty. If people understand this, our country will become prosperous. It would be nice if every city and town had its own center of culture and creativity for people of all ages.

True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. Such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is and why it is needed.

The key note of culture is peace, truth, beauty. It would be good if people who were honest, dedicated to their work, and respectful of each other were engaged in culture. Culture is a huge ocean of creativity in which there is enough room for everyone. If we take part in its creation together, our planet will become more beautiful.

Text 27

What does it mean to be a cultured person? A person who is educated, well-mannered, and responsible can be considered cultured. He respects himself and others. A cultured person is also distinguished by creative work, striving for high things, the ability to be grateful, love of nature and homeland, compassion and empathy for one’s neighbor, and goodwill.

A cultured person will never lie. He will maintain composure and dignity in any life situations. He has a clearly defined goal and achieves it. The main goal of such a person is to increase goodness in the world, to strive to ensure that all people are happy. The ideal of a cultured person is true humanity.

Nowadays people devote too little time to culture. And many people don’t even think about it throughout their lives. It’s good if a person’s process of familiarization with culture occurs from childhood. The child gets acquainted with traditions passed down from generation to generation, absorbs the positive experience of the family and his homeland, and learns cultural values. As an adult, he can be useful to society. (based on Internet materials) 143 words

What does it mean to be cultured? Be educated, well-mannered, respectful of yourself and others. A cultured person is distinguished by creative work, the ability to be grateful, patriotism, and compassion for one’s neighbor.

A cultured person will never lie. He will maintain composure and dignity in any life situations. He has a goal and achieves it. His main goal is to increase goodness in the world, to strive for all people to be happy. The ideal of a cultured person is true humanity.

Today people spend too little time on culture. It’s good if a person is introduced to culture from childhood. The child gets acquainted with traditions, absorbs positive experiences, and learns cultural values. As an adult, he can be useful to society.

Text 28

Some people believe that a person matures at a certain age, for example, at 18, when he becomes an adult. But there are people who remain children even at an older age. What does it mean to be an adult?

Adulthood means independence, that is, the ability to do without anyone’s help or care. A person with this quality does everything himself and does not expect support from others. He understands that he must overcome his difficulties himself. Of course, there are situations when a person cannot cope alone. Then you have to ask for help from friends, relatives and acquaintances. But in general, it is not typical for an independent, adult person to rely on others.

There is an expression: the hand should expect help only from the shoulder. An independent person knows how to be responsible for himself, his affairs and actions. He plans his own life and evaluates himself, without relying on anyone else's opinion. He understands that much in life depends on himself. Being an adult means being responsible for someone else. But for this you also need to become independent, be able to make decisions. Adulthood does not depend on age, but on life experience, on the desire to live life without nannies.

Some believe that a person matures when he becomes an adult. But there are people who remain children even at an older age. What does it mean to be an adult?

Adulthood means independence. An adult does everything himself and does not expect support from others. He understands that he must overcome his difficulties himself. Sometimes you can't do it alone. Then you have to ask your loved ones for help. But in general, it is not typical for an independent person to rely on others.

An adult knows how to be responsible for himself, his affairs and actions. He plans his life himself, evaluates himself, realizing that much depends on himself. Being an adult means being responsible for someone else. To do this, you need to become independent and be able to make decisions. Adulthood depends on life experiences.

Text 29

What is friendship? How do you become friends? You will most often meet friends among people with a common destiny, the same profession, and common thoughts. And yet it cannot be said with confidence that such a community determines friendship, because people of different professions can become friends.

Can two opposite characters be friends? Certainly! Friendship is equality and similarity. But at the same time, friendship is inequality and dissimilarity. Friends always need each other, but friends do not always receive equal amounts from friendship. One is friends and gives his experience, the other is enriched by experience in friendship. One, helping a weak, inexperienced, young friend, learns his strength and maturity. Another, weak one, recognizes in a friend his ideal, strength, experience, maturity. So, one gives in friendship, the other rejoices in gifts. Friendship is based on similarities, but manifests itself in differences, contradictions, and dissimilarities.

A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you in your weaknesses, shortcomings and vices.

What is friendship? You will most often meet friends among like-minded people, people of a common destiny. This cannot be said to define friendship, because people of different professions can become friends.

Two opposite characters can also be friends. Friendship is equality and similarity and at the same time it is inequality and dissimilarity. Friends always need each other, but they don’t always get the same amount out of their friendship. One makes friends and gives his experience, the other is enriched by experience. One, helping an inexperienced person, learns his strength and maturity. The weak recognize in a friend his ideal, strength, and experience. One gives in friendship, the other rejoices in gifts. Friendship is based on similarities and manifests itself in differences.

A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A loving friend exposes your weaknesses and vices.

Text 30

Friendship is not something external. Friendship lies deep in the heart. You cannot force yourself to be a friend to someone or force someone to be your friend.

Friendship requires a lot, first of all mutual respect. What does it mean to respect your friend? This means taking into account his opinion and recognizing his positive traits. Respect is shown in words and deeds. A friend who is respected feels that he is valued as a person, his dignity is respected and he is helped not only out of a sense of duty. In friendship, trust is important, that is, confidence in the sincerity of a friend, that he will not betray or deceive. Of course, a friend can make mistakes. But we are all imperfect. These are the two main and main conditions for friendship. In addition, common moral values ​​are important for friendship, for example. People who have different views on what is good and what is evil will have a hard time being friends. The reason is simple: can we show deep respect and, perhaps, trust to a friend if we see that he commits actions that are unacceptable, in our opinion, and considers this the norm. Strengthen friendships and common interests or hobbies. However, for a friendship that has existed for a long time and has been tested by time, this is not important.

Friendly feelings do not depend on age. They can be very strong and bring a person many experiences. But life is unthinkable without friendship.

Friendship is not something external. It lies deep in the heart. You can't force someone to be friends.

Friendship requires, above all, mutual respect. This means taking into account the opinion of a friend and recognizing his merits. Respect is shown in words and deeds. A respected friend feels valued as a person and helps him not only out of a sense of duty. In friendship, trust, confidence in the sincerity and reliability of a friend is important. A friend may be wrong, because we are all imperfect. These are the two main and main conditions for friendship. General moral values ​​and ideas about good and evil are also important. For friendships that have existed for a long time and have been tested by time, common interests or hobbies are less significant.

Friendly feelings do not depend on age. They can bring a person many experiences. Life is unthinkable without friendship.

Text 31

It only seems to us that when something happens to us, it is a unique phenomenon, one of a kind. In fact, there is not a single problem that has not already been reflected in world literature. Love, loyalty, jealousy, betrayal, cowardice, the search for the meaning of life - all this has already been experienced by someone, changed their mind, reasons, answers were found and captured on the pages of fiction. It’s just a matter of little things: take it and read it and you’ll find everything in the book.

Literature, revealing the world with the help of words, creates a miracle, doubles, triples our inner experience, infinitely expands our view of life, of man, and makes our perception more subtle. In childhood, we read fairy tales and adventures to experience the excitement of search and intrigue. But the hour comes when we feel the need to open a book in order to delve deeper into ourselves with its help. This is the hour of growing up. We are looking for an interlocutor in the book who enlightens, ennobles, and teaches.

So we picked up the book. What is happening in our soul? With every book we read, which opens up storehouses of thoughts and feelings before us, we become different. With the help of literature, a person becomes a Human. It is no coincidence that the book is called a teacher and a textbook of life.

It only seems to us that when something happens to us, it is a unique phenomenon. In fact, there is not a single problem that has not been reflected in world literature. Love, separation - you will find all this in books.
Literature opens up the world with the help of words and expands views on life. As children, we read fairy tales to relive intrigue. But the hour comes when we open a book to delve deeper into ourselves - this is the hour of growing up.
So we took the book, what happens to us? With the help of literature, a person becomes a person. It is no coincidence that the book is called “a teacher and textbook of life.”

Text 32

Many people think that being sincere means openly and directly saying what you think and doing what you say. But here’s the problem: a person who immediately voices what first came into his head risks being branded not only natural, but also ill-mannered, and even stupid. Rather, a sincere and natural person is one who knows how to be himself: to take off his masks, step out of his usual roles and show his true face.

The main problem is that we don’t know ourselves well, we are chasing illusory goals, money, fashion. Few people consider it important and necessary to direct the vector of attention to their inner world. You need to look into your heart, stop and analyze your thoughts, desires and plans in order to understand what is truly mine and what is imposed, dictated by friends, parents, society. Otherwise, you risk spending your whole life on goals that you really don’t need at all.

If you look inside yourself, you will see a whole world, endless and multifaceted. You will discover your characteristics and talents. You just need to study. And, of course, it won’t become easier or simpler for you, but it will become more interesting. You will find your path in life. The only way to become sincere is to know yourself.

“Know yourself,” said the great wise Socrates. Many people think that being sincere means openly and directly saying what you think. A sincere person is one who knows how to be himself.
The main problem is that we don't know ourselves well. You need to look into your heart to understand what is truly mine and what is imposed by society.
If you look inside yourself, you will discover your characteristics and talents, you just need to study them. The only way to become sincere is to know yourself.

Text 33

Every person is looking for a place in life, trying to establish their self. It `s naturally. But how does he find his place? What paths does it take to get there? What moral values ​​matter in his eyes? The question is extremely important.

Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-worth, because of the reluctance to appear worse, we sometimes take rash steps, do not act very correctly: we don’t ask again, we don’t say “I don’t know.” “I can’t” - there are no words. Selfish people evoke feelings of condemnation. However, those who exchange their dignity like small coins are no better. In the life of every person, there are probably moments when he is simply obliged to show his pride, to affirm his self. And, of course, this is not always easy to do.

The true worth of a person is revealed sooner or later. And the higher this price, the more a person loves not so much himself as others. Leo Tolstoy emphasized that each of us, the so-called little ordinary person, is in fact a historical person who is responsible for the fate of the whole world.

Every person is looking for a place in life, trying to stand out.
Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of our self-esteem, we sometimes do rash actions. Self-loving people cause a feeling of condemnation, but you should not lose your dignity forever, sometimes in life you need it. It is not always easy to apply.

The true worth of a person is still revealed. The higher this price, the more a person loves not so much himself as others. Leo Tolstoy emphasized that each of us is actually a historical person who is responsible for the fate of the whole world.

Text 34

Therefore, take care of your youth until old age. Appreciate all the good things you acquired in your younger years, don’t lose friends. Nothing acquired in youth passes without a trace. Good youth skills to make life easier. The bad ones will complicate it and make it difficult. Remember the Russian proverb: “Take care of your honor from a young age”? All the actions committed in youth remain in memory. The good ones will make you happy. The bad ones won't let you sleep.

I once thought that my social circle would be different in old age. But in reality it turned out differently. Peers are always with me. I remember that the only real friends my parents had were friends from the gymnasium or fellow students. The desire to be friends decreases with age, because youth is the time of rapprochement. We should remember this and appreciate those who are close to you. A true friend can not only sympathize in your grief, but also rejoice at your successes. When the time comes for misfortunes and losses, you cannot be alone.

Nothing acquired in youth passes without a trace. Habits and skills last a lifetime. Get used to work - and work will always bring joy. This is very important for human happiness! There is no more unhappy person than a lazy person. Wonderful habits make life more beautiful, bad habits make it more difficult.

There is a Russian proverb: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” All the actions committed in youth remain in memory. The good ones will make you happy, the bad ones will keep you awake!

Text 35

What really lies in this seemingly familiar concept of friendship? Scientifically speaking, friendship is a selfless relationship between people that is based on common likes, interests and hobbies. A true friend is always there, whether we feel bad or good. He will never try to take advantage of your weakness for his own purposes and will always come to the rescue when you need him so much. He will not only help you in trouble, but will also sincerely rejoice in moments of happiness with you.

But, unfortunately, such relationships are gradually fading away. Selfless friendship is gradually becoming a relic of the past. Friends now for us are people who can help in this or that matter, or those with whom we can have a good time. In fact, if one of the supposedly close friends has a crisis, the friends disappear somewhere until this crisis passes. This situation is familiar to almost everyone. In a word, beneficial friendship is rapidly replacing selfless friendship.

We must remember that many problems that seem grandiose and frightening can be solved without much difficulty if you have reliable friends nearby. Friendship gives confidence in the future. It makes a person bolder, freer and more optimistic, and his life warmer, more interesting and multifaceted. True friendship spiritually unites people, contributing to the development in them of a desire for creation rather than destruction.

What is the concept of friendship? Scientifically, friendship is a selfless relationship between people based on common sympathies and interests. A true friend is always there, whether we feel bad or good. He will never try to take advantage of your weakness for his own purposes and will always come to the rescue. A friend will not only help you in trouble, but will also sincerely rejoice in moments of happiness with you.

But selfless friendship is gradually becoming a relic of the past. Friends now for us are people who can help in this or that matter, or those with whom we can spend time. During a crisis, friends disappear somewhere. Beneficial friendship is rapidly replacing selfless friendship.

We must remember that many problems can be solved if we have reliable friends nearby. Friendship gives confidence in the future. It makes a person bolder, freer and more optimistic, and his life more multifaceted. True friendship spiritually unites people, contributing to the development of their desire to create.

So, the ninth graders are gradually starting to worry. The Russian language is a difficult exam, because in addition to knowing the rules, you need to be able to write expositions, understand the main idea of ​​the text, clearly express your thoughts and select the correct argumentation in detailed answers to questions about the text.

In our first article on the OGE, we will try to give some useful tips on preparing for the first part of the Russian presentation exam. In March, it’s time to start actively training.

1. Focus on the main thing!

At school, statements are written in every class, so students often believe that problems simply cannot arise here. On the one hand, training always helps, on the other hand, there are several points that make sense to pay close attention to.

In the exam, the first task requires you to write a concise summary.

With a concise presentation, a detailed retelling of the text is not necessary. Another important skill required of the student is to understand the main content and key points that support the main idea. Everything else is not only possible, but also must be omitted.

The less you scatter your thoughts throughout the tree, the more clearly you formulate, the better. The main thing in the format of a concise presentation is to clearly convey the core of the text with the author’s arguments and examples (they are called microtopics). This is precisely the direction in which training is needed. Listening texts are publicly available on the FIPI website. How to work with them?

2. First audition = plan

Turn on the audio recording and listen to the text carefully. There is no need to write anything down while reading! Trying to take shorthand is a big mistake for schoolchildren. Often, with this approach, the meaning of the text slips away; missing pieces are very difficult to restore, because they flew past the ears.

Just try to concentrate and understand what they are telling you. Immediately grasp the main topic, pay attention to the author’s arguments or examples. And of course – style!

Changing the style of presentation is one of the most common and sad mistakes. Stick to the author’s style, do not change the artistic style to the business one, because you are not rewriting the work, but just retelling it.

After you have listened to the text, write down the main theme and important points you noted. That is, make a short work plan. This way you will have a diagram before your eyes that you will rely on.

3. From second audition to draft

But during the second listening, work with a plan already drawn up, mark paragraphs for each author’s statement.

Advice - write non-consecutively, leave enough space between the intended paragraphs to write in the missing parts from memory.

So, you have a presentation plan and outlined paragraphs. Now we are writing a draft. Take your time, don't be afraid to miss something. Texts for presentation are within the capabilities of every schoolchild. Write paragraph by paragraph, remembering what you heard. Try to maintain the author's style and avoid ad-libbing.

After writing a draft, be sure to check your original plan with the resulting text. Think about whether you have taken everything into account, “scroll” the text in your head. Have you covered the topic? Does what is written correspond to the author’s logic? Are the micro-topics clearly presented and do they lead to the main idea expressed in the text? If you are satisfied with the work, move on to checking spelling and punctuation.

4. Test ourselves

The level of literacy during the exam is also assessed, and points for errors are reduced. But you are not writing a dictation, but an exposition, this format works for you. If you have any doubts about the spelling of a word, remember the synonyms. Change words, phrases, even sentences if you are not sure of the correct spelling and punctuation. In the presentation, it is important not to use the exact author’s words, but to convey the meaning.

But remember that either Hemingway or an elementary school student can write in telegraphic style. They still expect detailed sentences from a ninth-grader, so there is no need to be cunning in the hope of avoiding mistakes, as this may turn against you.

5. How to understand that everything worked out

So you're practicing your skills, but how do you know if it's working? Firstly, you can start by practicing on printed texts. This way you will better see the correspondence between the presentation and the original. Try reading the text out loud yourself, removing the text, writing down the plan. Read it a second time, remove it, write down the plan in paragraphs. Write a draft. Check your literacy. And then check both texts.

Secondly, you can involve your parents and friends - let them read the text to you, and you follow the above scheme. It’s very convenient to practice with friends – you can take turns reading and checking each other’s work.

Well, and thirdly, if you feel unsure, there is still time to improve your skills through courses or with the help of tutors.

Presentation is, first of all, an analysis of the text, a quick understanding of the main idea. You can learn this even if there is nothing left before the exam.

Good luck preparing for your exams!

We have collected for you all the texts from the FIPI open task bank. There are only 34 of them. You will definitely come across one of these texts at the OGE! Prepare for this task using our website.

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Text 1 (about precious books)

No matter how interesting a child’s home and school life may be, if he does not read precious books, he will be deprived. Such losses are irreparable. Adults can read a book today or in a year - the difference is small. In childhood, time is counted differently; here every day there are discoveries. And the acuteness of perception in childhood is such that early impressions can later influence the rest of one’s life. Childhood impressions are the most vivid and lasting impressions. This is the foundation of future spiritual life, a golden fund.
In childhood, the seeds are sown. Not everyone will germinate, not everyone will bloom. But the biography of the human soul is the gradual germination of seeds sown in childhood.
Subsequent life is complex and varied. It consists of millions of actions, determined by many character traits and, in turn, forming this character. But if you trace and find the connection between phenomena, it will become obvious that every character trait of an adult, every quality of his soul and, perhaps, even every action of his were sown in childhood, and since then have had their own germ, their own seed.

Ready-made condensed presentation

If a child has not read precious books, he is deprived, because in childhood time is counted differently, every day there are discoveries. Early childhood experiences can influence your entire life. They are the foundation of future spiritual life.

Not all seeds sown in childhood will germinate and blossom, but the biography of the soul is the germination of these seeds.
Subsequent life consists of actions that are both determined by character and shape it. Every quality of an adult's soul and, perhaps, every action he took were sown in childhood.

Text 2 (about self-doubt)

Self-doubt is an ancient problem, but it attracted the attention of doctors, teachers and psychologists relatively recently - in the middle of the 20th century. It was then that it became clear: ever-increasing self-doubt could cause a lot of troubles - even serious illnesses, not to mention everyday problems.
What about psychological problems? After all, self-doubt can serve as the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. Let's imagine how uncomfortable a dependent person feels: other people's assessments seem to him much more important and significant than his own; He sees each of his actions primarily through the eyes of those around him. And most importantly, he wants approval from everyone, from loved ones to passengers on the tram. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess life situations.
How to overcome self-doubt? Some scientists are looking for an answer to this question based on physiological processes, others rely on psychology. One thing is clear: self-doubt can be overcome only if a person is able to correctly set goals, relate them to external circumstances and positively evaluate their results.

Ready-made condensed presentation

The ancient problem of self-doubt attracted the attention of specialists only in the middle of the 20th century. Then it became clear that it could cause trouble, everyday problems and even serious illnesses.
Lack of self-confidence can become the basis for dependence on other people's opinions. Other people's assessments seem more important to the addict than their own; He sees every action he takes through the eyes of those around him and desires approval from everyone. Such a person cannot correctly assess situations.
How to overcome self-doubt? To do this, a person must be able to correctly set goals, relate them to external circumstances and positively evaluate their results.

Text 3 (about mom)

The word "mother" is a special word. It is born with us, accompanies us in the years of growing up and maturity. It is babbled by a child in a cradle. Pronounced with love by the young man and the very old man. The language of every nation has this word. And in all languages ​​it sounds tender and affectionate.
The place of a mother in our lives is special, exceptional. We always bring our joy and pain to her and find understanding. Mother's love inspires, gives strength, inspires heroism. In difficult life circumstances, we always remember our mother. And at this moment we only need her. A man calls his mother and believes that no matter where she is, she hears him, has compassion and rushes to help. The word “mother” becomes equivalent to the word “life”.
How many artists, composers, poets have created wonderful works about mother! "Take care of mothers!" - the famous poet Rasul Gamzatov proclaimed in his poem. Unfortunately, we realize too late that we forgot to say a lot of good and kind words to our mother. To prevent this from happening, you need to give them joy every day and hour. After all, grateful children are the best gift for them.

Ready-made condensed presentation

The word “mother” is a special word that is born with us and accompanies us throughout our lives. It is pronounced with love by both the young man and the old man. It is in the language of any people, and in all languages ​​it sounds affectionate.
The place of a mother in our lives is special. We bring her joy and pain and find understanding. A mother's love inspires and inspires. In difficult life circumstances, a person calls his mother and believes that she is compassionate and rushes to help.
How many artists have created works about mother! Rasul Gamzatov bequeathed in his poem to take care of mothers. So that it is not too late to say good and kind words to mothers, you need to give them joy constantly. Grateful children are the best gift for them.

Text 4 (about favorite toys)

Each of us once had favorite toys. Perhaps every person has a bright and tender memory associated with them, which he carefully keeps in his heart. A favorite toy is the most vivid memory from every person’s childhood.
In the age of computer technology, real toys no longer attract as much attention as virtual ones. But despite all the emerging new products, such as telephones and computer equipment, the toy still remains unique and irreplaceable of its kind, because nothing teaches and develops a child more than a toy with which he can communicate, play and even acquire life skills. experience.
A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, make him mentally healthy, instill love for others, form a correct understanding of good and evil, you need to carefully choose a toy, remembering that it will bring into his world not only his image, but also behavior, attributes, as well as a value system and worldview. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys.

Ready-made condensed presentation

Every person has a memory associated with his favorite toy, because it is the most vivid memory of any person’s childhood.
In the age of computer technology, virtual toys receive more attention than real ones. But despite the latest technology, the toy remains indispensable because it teaches and develops the child.
A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person, so you need to carefully choose a toy that will bring your image, behavior, value system and worldview into his world. You cannot raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys.

Text 5 (about love)

Times are changing, new generations are coming, for whom, it would seem, everything is different from the previous ones: tastes, interests, life goals. But intractable personal issues, meanwhile, for some reason remain unchanged. Why? Perhaps because the depths of human psychology are inflexible material, changing slowly. Therefore, today's teenagers, like their parents in their time, are concerned about the same thing: how to attract the attention of the one you like? How to distinguish infatuation from true love? And, of course, the main thing: what is love?
A youthful dream of love is, no matter what they say, first of all, a dream of understanding. After all, a teenager definitely needs to realize himself in communication with peers: to demonstrate his ability to sympathize and empathize. And just to show his qualities and abilities to those who are friendly towards him, who are ready to understand. What about friendship? - you ask. I think all this is typical of friendly relationships. Of course, friendly communication also reveals a person’s personality. But to what extent? Is the degree of trust in a friend as great as in a loved one?
Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two people in each other. Trust, which reveals in everyone the best that a person is capable of. True love certainly includes friendships, but is not limited to them. It is always greater than friendship, since only in love do we recognize another person’s full right to everything that makes up our world.

Ready-made condensed presentation

Times change, but difficult personal issues remain the same. The depths of human psychology change slowly, so today’s teenagers, like their parents in their youth, are concerned with the same questions, the main one of which is what is love?
A youthful dream of love is a dream of understanding, because a teenager needs to show his ability to sympathize and show his qualities. Similar behavior is also characteristic of friendly communication, where a person’s personality is also revealed. But is the degree of trust in a friend as great as in a loved one?
Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two people in each other, revealing the best qualities of a person. True love, although it includes friendship, is always greater than it, because only in love do we recognize the other’s full right to our world.

Text 6 (about friendship)

Ready-made condensed presentation

Text 7 (about mutual assistance and mutual assistance)

In a society where the idea of ​​individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about such things as mutual assistance and mutual assistance. Human society has just formed and continues to exist, thanks to a common cause and helping the weak, thanks to the fact that each of us complements each other. And how can we now support the completely opposite point of view, which says that there are no other interests other than our own? And the point here is not even that it sounds selfish, the point is that it is in this issue that personal and public interests intertwine.
Do you understand how much deeper this is than it seems? After all, individualism destroys society, and therefore weakens each of us. And only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society.
And what is more in line with our common interests: mutual benefit or primitive selfishness? There can be no two opinions here. We must help each other if we all want to live well together and not depend on anyone. And when helping people in difficult times, you don’t have to expect gratitude, you just need to help without looking for benefits for yourself, and then they will help you in return, for sure.

Ready-made condensed presentation

In a society where the idea of ​​individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about mutual assistance. How can we support the view that there are no interests other than our own? It is in this issue that personal and public interests intertwine.
Individualism destroys society; only mutual support will preserve it.
What is more in our interests: mutual assistance or primitive selfishness? There cannot be two opinions. We must help each other if we want to live well. You need to help your neighbor in difficult times, and not expect gratitude. You must do good unselfishly, and then they will definitely help you in return.

Text 8 (about love for nature)

When I was ten years old, someone’s caring hand gave me a volume of “Hero Animals.” I consider it my “alarm clock”. I know from other people that for them the “alarm clock” of the feeling of nature was a month spent in the village in the summer, a walk in the forest with a person who “opened his eyes to everything,” the first trip with a backpack, spending the night in the forest...
There is no need to list everything that can awaken in human childhood interest and reverent attitude towards the great mystery of life. Growing up, a person must comprehend with his mind how complexly everything in the living world is intertwined and interconnected, how this world is strong and at the same time vulnerable, how everything in our lives depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of living nature. This school is a must have.
And yet, at the beginning of everything is Love. When awakened in time, it makes learning about the world interesting and exciting. With it, a person also finds a certain point of support, an important point of reference for all the values ​​of life. Love for everything that turns green, breathes, makes sounds, sparkles with colors, and there is love that brings a person closer to happiness.

Ready-made condensed presentation

The volume of “Hero Animals” became for me an “alarm clock” for my sense of nature. For others, such an “alarm clock” was walks in the forest, life in the village, or an overnight trip.
A person, growing up, must mentally comprehend the internal interconnection of the entire living world, its strength and vulnerability at the same time, the dependence of everything in our lives on the health and wealth of the earth and nature. This school should exist.
But at the beginning of everything there is Love for all living things - the starting point of all life values. It brings a person closer to happiness.

Text 9 (about the importance of family in raising a child)

We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a person just starting out in life. And the biggest problem is the weakening of family ties, the diminishing importance of the family in raising a child. And if in the early years nothing strong in a moral sense was instilled in a person by his family, then later society will have a lot of trouble with this citizen.
The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and, feeling this guilt, strive in the future to pay off their internal spiritual debt with belated petty care and material benefits.
The world is changing, becoming different. But if parents were unable to establish internal contact with the child, shifting the main concerns to grandparents or public organizations, then one should not be surprised that another child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness so early that his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry.

Ready-made condensed presentation

We often talk about the difficulties of raising a child. The big problem is the weakening of family ties. If the family has not instilled anything strong in a person in a moral sense, then society will have trouble with him.
The other extreme is excessive parental care. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and, feeling this guilt, strive to repay their spiritual debt with material benefits.
The world is changing. But if the parents were unable to establish internal contact with the child, then one should not be surprised that the child will early acquire cynicism, disbelief in selflessness, that his life becomes flat and dry.

Text 10 (about doing good)

One man was told that an acquaintance had spoken about him in unflattering terms. "Are you kidding! - the man exclaimed. “I didn’t do anything good for him...” Here it is, the algorithm of black ingratitude, when good is answered with evil. In life, one must assume, this man has more than once met people who have mixed up the guidelines on the moral compass.
Morality is a guide to life. And if you deviate from the road, you may well wander into a windfall, thorny bushes, or even drown. That is, if you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to behave the same towards you.
How should we approach this phenomenon? Be philosophical. Do good and know that it will surely pay off. I assure you that you yourself will receive pleasure from doing good. That is, you will be happy. And this is the goal in life - to live it happily. And remember: sublime natures do good.

Ready-made condensed presentation

The man was told that an acquaintance had spoken badly about him. The man replied that this could not happen, because he had not done anything good for his friend. In his life, this man clearly met people who had mixed up their moral guidelines.
Morality is a guide to life. If you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to behave the same way towards you.
This phenomenon must be treated philosophically. Do good and know that it will pay off, that you yourself will enjoy it and be happy. Sublime natures do good.

Text 11 (about power)

The essence of the concept of “power” lies in the ability of one person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. A tree, if not disturbed, grows straight up. But even if it does not manage to grow evenly, then it, bending under obstacles, tries to get out from under them and stretch upward again. So is man. Sooner or later he will want to disobey. Submissive people usually suffer, but if once they have managed to throw off their “burden,” then they themselves often turn into tyrants.
If you command everywhere and everyone, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. Such a person will always be lonely. After all, he does not know how to communicate on equal terms. Inside he has a dull, sometimes unconscious anxiety. And he feels calm only when people unquestioningly follow his orders. The commanders themselves are unhappy people, and they breed misfortune, even if they achieve good results.
Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages knows how to take responsibility for actions. This approach preserves the mental health of both the person himself and those around him.

Ready-made condensed presentation

Power is the ability of one person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. Sooner or later a person will want to disobey. Submissive people usually suffer, but if they manage to free themselves, they themselves often turn into tyrants.
A man who commands everywhere and everyone will always be alone. He is anxious inside; he feels calm when people follow his orders. Commanders breed misfortune.
Commanding and managing people are two different things. The manager knows how to take responsibility. This approach preserves the mental health of both him and those around him.

Text 12 (about art)

Is it possible to define what art is in one comprehensive formula? Of course not. Art is charm and witchcraft, it is the identification of the funny and the tragic, it is morality and immorality, it is the knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something separate, capable of existing outside of himself and remaining after him as his trace in history.
The moment a person turns to creativity is perhaps the greatest discovery, unparalleled in history. After all, through art, each individual person and the people as a whole comprehend their characteristics, their life, their place in the world. Art allows us to come into contact with personalities, peoples and civilizations that are distant from us in time and space. And not just touch, but recognize and understand them, because the language of art is universal, and it is this that makes it possible for humanity to feel itself as a single whole.
That is why, since ancient times, an attitude towards art has been formed not as entertainment or amusement, but as a powerful force capable of not only capturing the image of time and man, but also passing it on to descendants.

Ready-made condensed presentation

Is it possible to define what art is? No. Art is the knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something that can leave his mark on history.
A person’s turn to creativity is the greatest discovery, because art allows one to come into contact with both individuals and entire nations, to understand and get to know them. The language of art has provided humanity with the opportunity to feel itself as a single whole.
That is why, since ancient times, art has been treated as a powerful force capable of conveying the image of time and man to future generations.

Text 13 (about the meaning of war for children)

The war was a cruel and rough school for children. They sat not at desks, but in frozen trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but armor-piercing shells and machine gun belts. They did not yet have life experience and therefore did not understand the true value of simple things that you do not attach importance to in everyday peaceful life.
The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could childishly rejoice at the spring crane wedge, as they had never rejoiced either before or after the war, with tenderness they could keep in their souls the warmth of bygone youth. Those who survived returned from the war, having managed to preserve within themselves a pure, radiant peace, faith and hope, becoming more uncompromising to injustice, kinder to goodness.
Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time.

Ready-made condensed presentation

The war was a cruel school for children. They did not yet have life experience and did not understand the value of simple things that you do not attach importance to in peaceful life.
The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry from hatred, rejoice at the spring crane wedge. The survivors returned from the war, maintaining a pure peace within themselves, becoming more uncompromising to injustice and kinder to goodness.
The memory of the war must live, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Don't forget Time - don't forget People, and vice versa.

Text 14 (about the ability with age to make drama out of nonsense)

In childhood, a person is happy, as they say now, by default. By nature, a child is a creature instinctively predisposed to happiness. No matter how difficult and even tragic his life may be, he still rejoices and constantly finds new and new reasons for this. Perhaps because there is nothing to compare life with yet. He does not yet suspect that it could be somehow different, but most likely, it is still because the soul has not yet had time to become covered with a shell and is more open to goodness and hope than the soul of an adult.
And with age, everything seems to turn inside out. No matter how calm and prosperous life may be, we will not calm down until we find some thorn in it, a clumsiness, a problem, we cling to it and feel deeply unhappy. And we believe in the drama we have invented, we sincerely complain about it to our friends, we waste time, health, and mental strength on worries.
Only when a truly real tragedy happens do we understand how absurd imaginary suffering is and how trivial the reason for it is. Then we grab our heads and say to ourselves: “Lord, what a fool I was when I suffered because of some nonsense. No, to live for your own pleasure and enjoy every minute.”

Ready-made condensed presentation

In childhood a person is happy. A child is instinctively predisposed to happiness, no matter how difficult his life may be. Perhaps he simply has nothing to compare with. But, most likely, his soul is more open to goodness and hope than the soul of an adult.
With age, no matter how calm our life is, we will not calm down until we find a problem in it and feel unhappy. We spend time, health, and mental strength worrying.
We understand how absurd imaginary suffering is only with the advent of real tragedy. Then we grab our heads and say: “What a fool I was when I suffered because of such nonsense, and did not live for my own pleasure.”

Text 15 (about choosing a life path)

There is simply no universal recipe for how to choose the right, the only true, destined path in life. And the final choice always remains with the person.
We make this choice already in childhood, when we choose friends, learn to build relationships with peers, and play. But we still make most of the most important decisions that determine our life path in our youth. According to scientists, the second half of the second decade of life is the most crucial period. It is at this time that a person, as a rule, chooses the most important thing for the rest of his life: his closest friend, his circle of main interests, his profession.
It is clear that such a choice is a responsible matter. It cannot be brushed aside, it cannot be put off until later. You shouldn’t hope that the mistake can be corrected later: you’ll have time, your whole life is ahead! Something, of course, will be able to be corrected and changed, but not everything. And wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. After all, success comes to those who know what they want, make decisive choices, believe in themselves and persistently achieve their goals.

Ready-made condensed presentation

There is no universal recipe for choosing the right path in life. The final choice remains with the individual.
We make this choice in childhood with the choice of friends, in the game. But we still make most of the most important decisions in our youth. In the most crucial period - in the second half of the second decade of life - a person chooses the most important thing: a friend, interests, profession.
Such a responsible choice cannot be ignored. The error of such a choice may not be corrected later. Wrong decisions will not go without consequences. Success comes to those who know what they want, are determined, persistent and believe in themselves.

Text 16 (about friendship - eternal value)

There are values ​​that change, are lost, disappear, becoming the dust of time. But no matter how society changes, eternal values ​​remain for thousands of years, which are of great importance for people of all generations and cultures. One of these eternal values, of course, is friendship.
People very often use this word in their language, they call certain people their friends, but few people can formulate what friendship is, who a real friend is, what he should be. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on mutual openness of people, complete trust and constant readiness to help each other at any time.
The main thing is that friends have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines. Then they will be able to be friends, even if their attitudes to certain life phenomena are different. And then true friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other only occasionally, be separated for many years, and still remain very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

Ready-made condensed presentation

There are values ​​that change and disappear. But no matter how society changes, eternal values ​​always remain. One of these eternal values ​​is friendship.
People often use this word, but few can formulate what friendship, a true friend, is. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: true friendship contains openness, trust and a willingness to help.
The main thing is that friends have the same spiritual guidelines and similar life values. Then friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can rarely communicate, but remain close friends. This kind of consistency is the hallmark of true friendship.

Text 17 (about kindness)

I remember hundreds of boys’ answers to the question: what kind of person do you want to become? Strong, brave, courageous, smart, resourceful, fearless... And no one said - kind. Why is kindness not put on a par with such virtues as courage and bravery? But without kindness, genuine warmth of the heart, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible.
And experience confirms that good feelings must have their roots in childhood. If they are not brought up in childhood, you will never bring them up, because they are acquired simultaneously with the knowledge of the first and most important truths, the main of which is the value of life, someone else’s, your own, life of fauna and plants. Humanity, kindness, goodwill are born in excitement, joy and sorrow.
Good feelings, emotional culture are the focus of humanity. Today, when there is already enough evil in the world, we should be more tolerant, attentive and kind towards each other, towards the living world around us and do the bravest acts in the name of good. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and only path for a person. It is tested, it is true, it is useful both to the individual and to society as a whole.

Ready-made condensed presentation

When asked what kind of person they wanted to become, none of the hundreds of boys answered “kind.” Without kindness, human spiritual beauty is impossible.
Good feelings must be cultivated in childhood; later they cannot be cultivated, because they are acquired with the knowledge of the most important truths, the main of which are the values ​​of any life. Humanity, kindness, goodwill are born in joys and sorrows.
Emotional culture is the center of humanity. Today we should be more tolerant, considerate and kind towards the world around us and take courageous actions in the name of good. The path of goodness is the most acceptable, true and useful for both one person and society.

Text 18 (I was betrayed by a loved one...)

I was betrayed by a loved one, I was betrayed by my best friend. Unfortunately, we hear such statements quite often. Most often, those in whom we have invested our souls betray. The pattern here is this: the greater the benefit, the stronger the betrayal. In such situations, I remember the statement of Victor Hugo: “I am indifferent to the knife blows of an enemy, but the pin prick of a friend is painful to me.”
Many endure bullying, hoping that the traitor’s conscience will awaken. But something that is not there cannot wake up. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it. A traitor usually explains his act by the interests of the case, but in order to justify the first betrayal, he commits a second, third, and so on ad infinitum.
Betrayal precisely destroys a person’s dignity, as a result, traitors behave differently. Someone defends their behavior, trying to justify what they did, someone falls into a feeling of guilt and fear of impending retribution, and someone simply tries to forget everything, without burdening themselves with emotions or thoughts. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty, worthless and meaningless.

Ready-made condensed presentation

I was betrayed by a loved one, my best friend. We hear this quite often. More often those in whom we have invested our souls betray, and the greater the good deed, the stronger the betrayal.
Many endure bullying, hoping that the traitor’s conscience will awaken. But something that is not there cannot wake up. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it.
Betrayal destroys a person’s dignity, as a result, traitors behave differently: they defend their behavior, fall into feelings of guilt and fear, or try to forget everything. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty and meaningless.

Text 19 (Everything goes further...)

The Great Patriotic War is receding further into the past, but the memory of it is alive in the hearts and souls of people. Indeed, how can we forget our unprecedented feat, our irreparable sacrifices made in the name of victory over the most insidious and cruel enemy - German fascism.

The severity of the four years of war cannot be compared with any other years in our history. But a person’s memory weakens over time, and bit by bit the secondary things disappear from it: less significant and bright; and then - the essential. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans, those who went through the war and could talk about it. If documents and works of art do not reflect the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. And this cannot be allowed!

The theme of the Great Patriotic War has fueled literature and art for decades. Many wonderful films have been made about the life and feats of man during the war, and wonderful works of literature have been created. And there is no intentionality here, there is pain that does not leave the soul of the people who lost millions of human lives during the war years. But the most important thing in a conversation on this topic is to maintain moderation and tact in relation to the truth of the war, to its participants, the living, but mainly the dead.

Ready-made condensed presentation

The Great Patriotic War is receding further into the past, but the memory of it is alive in the hearts of people. Let us not forget our unparalleled feat, our irreplaceable sacrifices made in the name of victory over German fascism.
The four war years were the most difficult in our history. But a person’s memory weakens over time, first the secondary, and then the essential, disappears from it. We may forget the bitter experience of past years, but this cannot be allowed.
Many works have been created on the theme of the Great Patriotic War. And there is no intentionality here - there is pain that does not leave the soul of the people. But the most important thing in a conversation on this topic is to maintain moderation and tact in relation to its living and dead participants.

Text 20 (In the modern world there is no man...)

There is no person in the modern world who does not come into contact with art. Its significance in our life is great. Books, cinema, television, theater, music, painting have firmly entered our lives and have a huge influence on it. But fiction has a particularly strong impact on a person.
Contact with the world of art gives us joy and selfless pleasure. But it would be wrong to see in the works of writers, composers, and artists only a means of obtaining pleasure. Of course, we often go to the cinema, sit down to watch the TV, and pick up a book to relax and have fun. And the artists, writers, and composers themselves structure their works in such a way as to maintain and develop the interest and curiosity of viewers, readers, and listeners. But the importance of art in our lives is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.

Text 21 (To appreciate kindness...)

To appreciate kindness and understand its meaning, you must experience it yourself. You need to accept the ray of someone else's kindness and live in it. One must feel how a ray of this kindness takes possession of the heart, word and deeds of one’s whole life. Kindness comes not out of obligation, not out of duty, but as a gift.

Someone else's kindness is a premonition of something greater, which is not even immediately believed. This is the warmth from which the heart warms and begins to move in response. A person who has once experienced kindness cannot help but respond sooner or later, confidently or uncertainly, with his kindness.

It is a great happiness to feel the fire of kindness in your heart and give it free rein in life. In this moment, in these hours, a person finds his best in himself, hears the singing of his heart. “I” and “mine” are forgotten, what is alien disappears, for it becomes “mine” and “me.” And there is no place left in the soul for enmity and hatred.

Text 22 (If you take away a person's ability to dream...)

If you take away a person’s ability to dream, then one of the most powerful motivations that gives rise to culture, art, science and the desire to fight for a wonderful future will disappear. But dreams should not be divorced from reality. They must predict the future and create in us the feeling that we are already living in this future and that we ourselves are becoming different.

Not only children, but also adults need a dream. It causes excitement, a source of high feelings. She does not allow us to calm down and always shows us new sparkling distances, a different life. It disturbs and makes you passionately desire this life. This is its value.

Only a hypocrite can say that we need to calm down and stop. To fight for the future, you need to be able to dream passionately, deeply and effectively. You need to cultivate in yourself a continuous desire for what is meaningful and beautiful.

Text 23 (What are the benefits of reading?)

What are the benefits of reading? Is it true that reading is useful? Why do so many people continue to read? After all, not only to relax or occupy free time.

The benefits of reading books are obvious. Books broaden a person’s horizons, enrich his inner world, and make him smarter. It is also important to read books because it increases a person’s vocabulary and develops clear and clear thinking. Everyone can verify this by their own example. One has only to thoughtfully read some classical work, and you will notice how easier it has become to express your own thoughts with the help of speech, to select the right words. A person who reads speaks more competently. Reading serious works makes us constantly think, it develops logical thinking. Don't believe me? And you read something from the classics of the detective genre, for example, “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes” by Conan Doyle. After reading, you will think faster, your mind will become sharper and you will understand that reading is useful and beneficial.

It is also useful to read books because they have a significant influence on our moral guidelines and on our spiritual development. After reading one or another classic work, people sometimes begin to change for the better.

Text 24 (What is a good book?)

What is a good book? Firstly, the book should be exciting and interesting. After reading the first pages there should be no desire to put it on the shelf. We are talking about books that make us think and express emotions. Secondly, the book should be written in rich language. Thirdly, it must carry a deep meaning. Original and unusual ideas also make the book useful.

You should not get carried away by any one genre or type of literature. Thus, a passion for the fantasy genre alone can turn young readers into goblins and elves who know the way to Avalon much better than the way home.

If you have not read books from the school curriculum or read them in an abbreviated form, you should start with them. Classical literature is a must-have foundation for every person. Great works contain disappointment and joy, love and pain, tragedy and comedy. They will teach you to be sensitive, emotional, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. Naturally, read popular science literature. It will expand your horizons, form knowledge about the world, help you determine your path in life, and provide an opportunity for self-development. We hope that these reasons for reading will make the book your best friend.

Text 25 (Having a family and children...)

Having a family and children is as necessary and natural as it is necessary and natural to work. The family has long been held together by the moral authority of the father, who was traditionally considered the head. The children respected and obeyed their father. He was engaged in agricultural work, construction, logging and firewood. The entire burden of peasant labor was shared with him by his adult sons.

The management of the household was in the hands of the wife and mother. She was in charge of everything in the house: she looked after the livestock, took care of food, and clothing. She did not do all this work alone: ​​even children, having barely learned to walk, little by little, along with play, began to do something useful.

Kindness, tolerance, mutual forgiveness of insults grew into mutual love in a good family. Grumpiness and quarrelsomeness were considered a punishment of fate and evoked pity for their bearers. One had to be able to give in, forget the offense, respond kindly or remain silent. Love and harmony between relatives gave rise to love outside the home. It is difficult to expect respect for other people from a person who does not love and respect his family.

Text 26 (The word "culture"...)

The word "culture" is multifaceted. What, first of all, does true culture contain? It carries the concept of spirituality, light, knowledge and true beauty. And if people understand this, then our country will become prosperous. And therefore it would be very good if every city and town had its own cultural center, a creative center not only for children, but also for people of all ages.
True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. And such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is, what it consists of, and what its significance is.
The key note of culture can be such concepts as peace, truth, beauty. It would be good if honest and selfless people, selflessly devoted to their work, and respecting each other, were involved in culture. Culture is a huge ocean of creativity, there is enough space for everyone, there is something for everyone. And if we all begin to participate together in its creation and strengthening, then our entire planet will become more beautiful.

Text 27 (What does it mean to be cultured...)

What does it mean to be a cultured person? A person who is educated, well-mannered, and responsible can be considered cultured. He respects himself and others. A cultured person is also distinguished by creative work, striving for high things, the ability to be grateful, love of nature and homeland, compassion and empathy for one’s neighbor, and goodwill.
A cultured person will never lie. He will maintain composure and dignity in any life situations. He has a clearly defined goal and achieves it. The main goal of such a person is to increase goodness in the world, to strive to ensure that all people are happy. The ideal of a cultured person is true humanity.
Nowadays people devote too little time to culture. And many people don’t even think about it throughout their lives. It’s good if a person’s process of familiarization with culture occurs from childhood. The child gets acquainted with traditions passed down from generation to generation, absorbs the positive experience of the family and his homeland, and learns cultural values. As an adult, he can be useful to society.

Text 28 (Some people think...)

Some people believe that a person matures at a certain age, for example, at 18, when he becomes an adult. But there are people who remain children even at an older age. What does it mean to be an adult?
Adulthood means independence, that is, the ability to do without anyone’s help or care. A person with this quality does everything himself and does not expect support from others. He understands that he must overcome his difficulties himself. Of course, there are situations when a person cannot cope alone. Then you have to ask for help from friends, relatives and acquaintances. But in general, it is not typical for an independent, adult person to rely on others.
There is an expression: the hand should expect help only from the shoulder. An independent person knows how to be responsible for himself, his affairs and actions. He plans his own life and evaluates himself, without relying on anyone else's opinion. He understands that much in life depends on himself. Being an adult means being responsible for someone else. But for this you also need to become independent, be able to make decisions. Adulthood does not depend on age, but on life experience, on the desire to live life without nannies.

Text 29 (What is friendship?)

What is friendship? How do you become friends? You will most often meet friends among people with a common destiny, the same profession, and common thoughts. And yet it cannot be said with confidence that such a community determines friendship, because people of different professions can become friends.
Can two opposite characters be friends? Certainly! Friendship is equality and similarity. But at the same time, friendship is inequality and dissimilarity. Friends always need each other, but friends do not always receive equal amounts from friendship. One is friends and gives his experience, the other is enriched by experience in friendship. One, helping a weak, inexperienced, young friend, learns his strength and maturity. Another, weak one, recognizes in a friend his ideal, strength, experience, maturity. So, one gives in friendship, the other rejoices in gifts. Friendship is based on similarities, but manifests itself in differences, contradictions, and dissimilarities.
A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you in your weaknesses, shortcomings and vices.

Text 30 (Friendship is not something external...)

Friendship is not something external. Friendship lies deep in the heart. You cannot force yourself to be a friend to someone or force someone to be your friend.
Friendship requires a lot, first of all mutual respect. What does it mean to respect your friend? This means taking into account his opinion and recognizing his positive traits. Respect is shown in words and deeds. A friend who is respected feels that he is valued as a person, his dignity is respected and he is helped not only out of a sense of duty. In friendship, trust is important, that is, confidence in the sincerity of a friend, that he will not betray or deceive. Of course, a friend can make mistakes. But we are all imperfect. These are the two main and main conditions for friendship. In addition, common moral values ​​are important for friendship, for example. People who have different views on what is good and what is evil will have a hard time being friends. The reason is simple: can we show deep respect and, perhaps, trust to a friend if we see that he commits actions that are unacceptable, in our opinion, and considers this the norm. Strengthen friendships and common interests or hobbies. However, for a friendship that has existed for a long time and has been tested by time, this is not important.
Friendly feelings do not depend on age. They can be very strong and bring a person many experiences. But life is unthinkable without friendship.

Text 31 (Many people think that being sincere...)

Many people think that being sincere means openly and directly saying what you think and doing what you say. But here’s the problem: a person who immediately voices what first came into his head risks being branded not only natural, but also ill-mannered, and even stupid. Rather, a sincere and natural person is one who knows how to be himself: to take off his masks, step out of his usual roles and show his true face.
The main problem is that we don’t know ourselves well, we are chasing illusory goals, money, fashion. Few people consider it important and necessary to direct the vector of attention to their inner world. You need to look into your heart, stop and analyze your thoughts, desires and plans in order to understand what is truly mine and what is imposed, dictated by friends, parents, society. Otherwise, you risk spending your whole life on goals that you really don’t need at all.
If you look inside yourself, you will see a whole world, endless and multifaceted. You will discover your characteristics and talents. You just need to study. And, of course, it won’t become easier or simpler for you, but it will become more interesting. You will find your path in life. The only way to become sincere is to know yourself.

Text 32 (Every person is looking for a place in life...)

Every person is looking for a place in life, trying to establish his “I”. It `s naturally. But how does he find his place? What paths does it take to get there? What moral values ​​matter in his eyes? The question is extremely important.
Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-worth, because of the reluctance to appear worse, we sometimes take rash steps, do not act very correctly: we don’t ask again, we don’t say “I don’t know.” , “I can’t” – there are no words. Selfish people evoke feelings of condemnation. However, those who exchange their dignity like small coins are no better. In the life of every person, there are probably moments when he is simply obliged to show his pride, to affirm his “I”. And, of course, this is not always easy to do.
The true worth of a person is revealed sooner or later. And the higher this price, the more a person loves not so much himself as others. Leo Tolstoy emphasized that each of us, the so-called little ordinary person, is in fact a historical person who is responsible for the fate of the whole world.

Text 33 (It only seems to us...)

It only seems to us that when something happens to us, it is a unique phenomenon, one of a kind. In fact, there is not a single problem that has not already been reflected in world literature. Love, loyalty, jealousy, betrayal, cowardice, the search for the meaning of life - all this has already been experienced by someone, changed their mind, reasons, answers were found and captured on the pages of fiction. It’s just a matter of little things: take it and read it and you’ll find everything in the book.
Literature, revealing the world with the help of words, creates a miracle, doubles, triples our inner experience, infinitely expands our view of life, of man, and makes our perception more subtle. In childhood, we read fairy tales and adventures to experience the excitement of search and intrigue. But the hour comes when we feel the need to open a book in order to delve deeper into ourselves with its help. This is the hour of growing up. We are looking for an interlocutor in the book who enlightens, ennobles, and teaches.
So we picked up the book. What is happening in our soul? With every book we read, which opens up storehouses of thoughts and feelings before us, we become different. With the help of literature, a person becomes a person. It is no coincidence that the book is called a teacher and textbook of life.

Text 34 (In the modern world there is no man...)

There is no person in the modern world who does not come into contact with art. Its significance in our life is great. Books, cinema, television, theater, music, painting have firmly entered our lives and have a huge influence on it.
Contact with the world of art gives us joy and selfless pleasure. But it would be wrong to see in the works of writers, composers, and artists only a means of obtaining pleasure. Of course, we often go to the cinema, sit down to watch the TV, and pick up a book to relax and have fun. And the artists, writers, and composers themselves structure their works in such a way as to maintain and develop the interest and curiosity of viewers, readers, and listeners. But the importance of art in our lives is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.
Art is capable of preserving the characteristic features of an era, giving people the opportunity to communicate with each other across decades and centuries, becoming a kind of memory repository for subsequent generations. It imperceptibly shapes a person’s views and feelings, character, tastes, and awakens a love of beauty. That is why, in difficult moments of life, people often turn to works of art, which become a source of spiritual strength and courage.

The work of the OGE in the Russian language begins with writing a concise summary. There are different ways to prepare for the presentation, but the most cunning and reasonable way is to prepare using texts from the Open Bank of Assignments (where the assignments for real exams come from). The open Bank contains 35 texts for presentation. In this article you can read these texts and also download ready-made statements And microthemes.

1) Task B02C98 (NEW)
Link to audio recording

What really lies in this seemingly familiar concept of friendship? Scientifically speaking, friendship is a selfless relationship between people that is based on common likes, interests and hobbies. A true friend is always there, whether we feel bad or good. He will never try to take advantage of your weakness for his own purposes and will always come to the rescue when you need him so much. He will not only help you in trouble, but will also sincerely rejoice in moments of happiness with you.
But, unfortunately, such relationships are gradually fading away. Selfless friendship is gradually becoming a relic of the past. Friends now for us are people who can help in this or that matter, or those with whom we can have a good time. In fact, if one of the supposedly close friends has a crisis, the friends disappear somewhere until this crisis passes. This situation is familiar to almost everyone. In a word, beneficial friendship is rapidly replacing selfless friendship.
We must remember that many problems that seem grandiose and frightening can be solved without much difficulty if you have reliable friends nearby. Friendship gives confidence in the future. It makes a person bolder, freer and more optimistic, and his life warmer, more interesting and multifaceted. True friendship spiritually unites people, contributing to the development in them of a desire for creation rather than destruction.

3) Task D15322 (NEW)
Link to audio recording

Many people think that being sincere means openly and directly saying what you think and doing what you say. But here’s the problem: a person who immediately voices what first came into his head risks being branded not only natural, but also ill-mannered, and even stupid. Rather, a sincere and natural person is one who knows how to be himself: to take off his masks, step out of his usual roles and show his true face.
The main problem is that we don’t know ourselves well, we are chasing illusory goals, money, fashion. Few people consider it important and necessary to direct the vector of attention to their inner world. You need to look into your heart, stop and analyze your thoughts, desires and plans in order to understand what is truly mine and what is imposed, dictated by friends, parents, society. Otherwise, you risk spending your whole life on goals that you really don’t need at all.
If you look inside yourself, you will see a whole world, endless and multifaceted. You will discover your characteristics and talents. You just need to study. And, of course, it won’t become easier or simpler for you, but it will become more interesting. You will find your path in life. The only way to become sincere is to know yourself.
4) Task 474768 (NEW)
Link to audio recording

Every person is looking for a place in life, trying to establish his “I”. It `s naturally. But how does he find his place? What paths does it take to get there? What moral values ​​matter in his eyes? The question is extremely important.
Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-worth, because of the reluctance to appear worse, we sometimes take rash steps, do not act very correctly: we don’t ask again, we don’t say “I don’t know.” , “I can’t” – there are no words. Selfish people evoke feelings of condemnation. However, those who exchange their dignity like small coins are no better. In the life of every person, there are probably moments when he is simply obliged to show his pride, to affirm his “I”. And, of course, this is not always easy to do.
The true worth of a person is revealed sooner or later. And the higher this price, the more a person loves not so much himself as others. Leo Tolstoy emphasized that each of us, the so-called little ordinary person, is in fact a historical person who is responsible for the fate of the whole world.
5) Task 3C7BA2 (NEW)
Link to audio recording

It only seems to us that when something happens to us, it is a unique phenomenon, one of a kind. In fact, there is not a single problem that has not already been reflected in world literature. Love, loyalty, jealousy, betrayal, cowardice, the search for the meaning of life - all this has already been experienced by someone, changed their mind, reasons, answers were found and captured on the pages of fiction. It’s just a matter of little things: take it and read it and you’ll find everything in the book.
Literature, revealing the world with the help of words, creates a miracle, doubles, triples our inner experience, infinitely expands our view of life, of man, and makes our perception more subtle. In childhood, we read fairy tales and adventures to experience the excitement of search and intrigue. But the hour comes when we feel the need to open a book in order to delve deeper into ourselves with its help. This is the hour of growing up. We are looking for an interlocutor in the book who enlightens, ennobles, and teaches.
So we picked up the book. What is happening in our soul? With every book we read, which opens up storehouses of thoughts and feelings before us, we become different. With the help of literature, a person becomes a person. It is no coincidence that the book is called a teacher and textbook of life.
6) Task 2180EE (NEW)
Link to audio recording

There is no person in the modern world who does not come into contact with art. Its significance in our life is great. Books, cinema, television, theater, music, painting have firmly entered our lives and have a huge influence on it.
Contact with the world of art gives us joy and selfless pleasure. But it would be wrong to see in the works of writers, composers, and artists only a means of obtaining pleasure. Of course, we often go to the cinema, sit down to watch the TV, and pick up a book to relax and have fun. And the artists, writers, and composers themselves structure their works in such a way as to maintain and develop the interest and curiosity of viewers, readers, and listeners. But the importance of art in our lives is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.
Art is capable of preserving the characteristic features of an era, giving people the opportunity to communicate with each other across decades and centuries, becoming a kind of memory repository for subsequent generations. It imperceptibly shapes a person’s views and feelings, character, tastes, and awakens a love of beauty. That is why, in difficult moments of life, people often turn to works of art, which become a source of spiritual strength and courage.

7) Task No. 6E4449
Link to audio recording

To appreciate kindness and understand its meaning, you must certainly experience it yourself. You need to accept the ray of someone else's kindness and live in it. One must feel how a ray of this kindness takes possession of the heart, word and deeds of one’s whole life. Kindness comes not out of obligation, not out of duty, but as a gift.
Someone else's kindness is a premonition of something greater, which is not even immediately believed; This is the warmth from which the heart warms up and begins to move in response. A person who has once experienced kindness cannot help but respond sooner or later, confidently or uncertainly, with his kindness.
It is a great happiness to feel the fire of kindness in your heart and give it free rein in life. In this moment, in these hours, a person finds his best in himself, hears the singing of his heart. “I” and “mine” are forgotten, someone else’s disappears, for it becomes “mine” and “me,” and there is no place left for enmity and hatred in the soul.

8) Task No. C7DF03
Link to audio recording

If you take away a person’s ability to dream, then one of the most powerful motivations that gives rise to culture, art, science, and the desire to fight for a wonderful future will disappear. But dreams should not be divorced from reality. They must predict the future and create in us the feeling that we are already living in this future and that we ourselves are becoming different.
Not only children, but also adults need a dream. It causes excitement, a source of high feelings. She does not allow us to calm down and always shows us new sparkling distances, a different life. It disturbs and makes you passionately desire this life. This is its value.
Only a hypocrite can say that we need to calm down and stop. To fight for the future, you need to be able to dream passionately, deeply and effectively. You need to cultivate in yourself a continuous desire for what is meaningful and beautiful.

9) Task No. C9D678
Link to audio recording

What are the benefits of reading? Is it true that reading is useful? Why do so many people continue to read? After all, not only to relax or occupy free time.
The benefits of reading books are obvious. Books broaden a person’s horizons, enrich his inner world, and make him smarter. It is also important to read books because it increases a person’s vocabulary and develops clear and clear thinking. Everyone can verify this by their own example. One has only to thoughtfully read some classical work, and you will notice how easier it has become to express your own thoughts with the help of speech, to select the right words. A person who reads speaks more competently. Reading serious works makes us constantly think, it develops logical thinking. Don't believe me? And you read something from the classics of the detective genre, for example, “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes” by Conan Doyle. After reading, you will think faster, your mind will become sharper, and you will understand that reading is useful and beneficial.
It is also useful to read books because they have a significant influence on our moral guidelines and on our spiritual development. After reading one or another classic work, people sometimes begin to change for the better.

10) Task No. FE03F7
Link to audio recording

What is a good book? Firstly, the book should be exciting and interesting. After reading the first pages there should be no desire to put it on the shelf. We are talking about books that make us think and express emotions. Secondly, the book should be written in rich language. Thirdly, it must carry a deep meaning. Original and unusual ideas also make the book useful.
You should not get carried away by any one genre or type of literature. Thus, a passion for the fantasy genre alone can turn young readers into goblins and elves who know the way to Avalon much better than the way home. If you have not read books from the school curriculum or read them in an abbreviated form, you should start with them. Classical literature is a must-have foundation for every person. Great works contain disappointment and joy, love and pain, tragedy and comedy. They will teach you to be sensitive, emotional, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. Naturally, read popular science literature. It will broaden your horizons, form knowledge about the world, help you determine your path in life, and provide the opportunity for self-development.
We hope that these reasons for reading will make the book your best friend.

11) Task No. 9ABE05
Link to audio recording

Having a family and children is as necessary and natural as it is necessary and natural to work. The family has long been held together by the moral authority of the father, who was traditionally considered the head. The children respected and obeyed their father. He was engaged in agricultural work, construction, logging and firewood. The entire burden of peasant labor was shared with him by his adult sons.
The management of the household was in the hands of the wife and mother. She was in charge of everything in the house: she looked after the livestock, took care of food, and clothing. She did not do all this work alone: ​​even children, having barely learned to walk, little by little, along with play, began to do something useful.
Kindness, tolerance, mutual forgiveness of insults grew into mutual love in a good family. Grumpiness and quarrelsomeness were considered a punishment of fate and evoked pity for their bearers. One had to be able to give in, forget the offense, respond kindly or remain silent. Love and harmony between relatives gave rise to love outside the home. It is difficult to expect respect for other people from a person who does not love and respect his family.

12) Task No. 3EB622
Link to audio recording

The word “culture” is multifaceted. What, first of all, does true culture contain? It carries the concept of spirituality, light, knowledge and true beauty. And if people understand this, then our country will become prosperous. And therefore it would be very good if every city and town had its own cultural center, a creative center not only for children, but also for people of all ages.
True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. And such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is, what it consists of, and what its significance is. The key note of culture can be such concepts as peace, truth, beauty.
It would be good if honest and selfless people, selflessly devoted to their work, and respecting each other, were involved in culture. Culture is a huge ocean of creativity, there is enough space for everyone, there is something for everyone. And if we all begin to participate together in its creation and strengthening, then our entire planet will become more beautiful.

13) Task No. AA9E09
Link to audio recording

What does it mean to be a cultured person? A person who is educated, well-mannered, and responsible can be considered cultured. He respects himself and others. A cultured person is also distinguished by creative work, striving for high things, the ability to be grateful, love of nature and homeland, compassion and empathy for one’s neighbor, and goodwill.
A cultured person will never lie. He will maintain composure and dignity in any life situations. He has a clearly defined goal and achieves it. The main goal of such a person is to increase goodness in the world, to strive to ensure that all people are happy. The ideal of a cultured person is true humanity.
Nowadays people pay too little attention to culture. And many people don’t even think about it throughout their lives. It’s good if a person’s process of familiarization with culture occurs from childhood. The child gets acquainted with traditions passed down from generation to generation, absorbs the positive experience of the family and his homeland, and learns cultural values. As an adult, he can be useful to society.

14) Task No. 2BF0BB
Link to audio recording

Some people believe that a person matures at a certain age, for example, at 18, when he becomes an adult. But there are people who remain children even at an older age. What does it mean to be an adult?
Adulthood means independence, that is, the ability to do without anyone’s help or care. A person with this quality does everything himself and does not expect support from others. He understands that he must overcome his difficulties himself. Of course, there are situations when a person cannot cope alone. Then you have to ask for help from friends, relatives and acquaintances. But in general, it is not typical for an independent, adult person to rely on others.
There is an expression: the hand should expect help only from the shoulder. An independent person knows how to be responsible for himself, for his affairs and actions. He plans his own life and evaluates himself, without relying on anyone else's opinion. He understands that much in life depends on himself. Being an adult means being responsible for someone else. But for this you also need to become independent, be able to make decisions. Adulthood does not depend on age, but on life experience, on the desire to live life without nannies.

15) Task No. BA9370
Link to audio recording

What is friendship? How do you become friends? You will most often meet friends among people with a common destiny, the same profession, and common thoughts. And yet it cannot be said with confidence that such a community determines friendship, because people of different professions can become friends.
Can two opposite characters be friends? Certainly! Friendship is equality and similarity. But at the same time, friendship is inequality and dissimilarity. Friends always need each other, but friends do not always receive equal amounts from friendship. One is friends and gives his experience, the other is enriched by experience in friendship. One, helping a weak, inexperienced, young friend, learns his strength and maturity. Another, weak one, recognizes in a friend his ideal, strength, experience, maturity. So, one gives in friendship, the other rejoices in gifts. Friendship is based on similarities, but manifests itself in differences, contradictions, and dissimilarities.
A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you in your weaknesses, shortcomings and vices.

16) Task No. 2E31AB
Link to audio recording

Friendship is not something external. Friendship lies deep in the heart. You cannot force yourself to be a friend to someone or force someone to be your friend.
Friendship requires a lot, first of all mutual respect. What does it mean to respect your friend? This means taking into account his opinion and recognizing his positive traits. Respect is shown in words and deeds. A friend who is respected feels that he is valued as a person, his dignity is respected and he is helped not only out of a sense of duty. In friendship, trust is important, that is, confidence in the sincerity of a friend, that he will not betray or deceive. Of course, a friend can make mistakes. But we are all imperfect. These are the two main and main conditions for friendship. In addition, common moral values ​​are important for friendship, for example. People who have different views on what is good and what is evil will have a hard time being friends. The reason is simple: can we show deep respect and, perhaps, trust to a friend if we see that he commits actions that are unacceptable, in our opinion, and considers this the norm. Strengthen friendships and common interests or hobbies. However, for a friendship that has existed for a long time and has been tested by time, this is not important.
Friendly feelings do not depend on age. They can be very strong and bring a person many experiences. But life is unthinkable without friendship.

17) Task No. 14CC2B
Link to audio recording

One man was told that an acquaintance had spoken about him in unflattering terms. "Are you kidding! - the man exclaimed. “I didn’t do anything good for him...” Here it is, the algorithm of black ingratitude, when good is answered with evil. In life, one must assume, this man has more than once met people who have mixed up the guidelines on the moral compass.
Morality is a guide to life. And if you deviate from the road, you may well wander into a windfall, thorny bushes, or even drown. That is, if you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to behave the same towards you.
How should we approach this phenomenon? Be philosophical. Do good and know that it will surely pay off. I assure you that you yourself will receive pleasure from doing good. That is, you will be happy. And this is the goal in life - to live it happily. And remember: sublime natures do good.

18) Task No.DE831E
Link to audio recording

We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a person just starting out in life. And the biggest problem is the weakening of family ties, the diminishing importance of the family in raising a child. And if in the early years nothing strong in a moral sense was instilled in a person by his family, then later society will have a lot of trouble with this citizen.
The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and, feeling this guilt, strive in the future to pay off their internal spiritual debt with belated petty care and material benefits.
The world is changing, becoming different. But if parents were unable to establish internal contact with the child, shifting the main concerns to grandparents or public organizations, then one should not be surprised that another child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness so early that his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry.

19) Task No. 901369
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There are values ​​that change, are lost, disappear, becoming the dust of time. But no matter how society changes, eternal values ​​remain for thousands of years, which are of great importance for people of all generations and cultures. One of these eternal values, of course, is friendship.
People very often use this word in their language, they call certain people their friends, but few people can formulate what friendship is, who a real friend is, what he should be. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on mutual openness of people, complete trust and constant readiness to help each other at any time.
The main thing is that friends have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines, then they can be friends, even if their attitude to certain phenomena in life is different. And then true friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other only occasionally, be separated for many years, and still remain very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

20) Task No. 5E6CAC
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The war was a cruel and rough school for children. They sat not at desks, but in frozen trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but armor-piercing shells and machine gun belts. They did not yet have life experience and therefore did not understand the true value of simple things that you do not attach importance to in everyday peaceful life.
The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could childishly rejoice at the spring crane wedge, as they had never rejoiced either before or after the war, with tenderness they could keep in their souls the warmth of bygone youth. Those who survived returned from the war, having managed to preserve within themselves a pure, radiant peace, faith and hope, becoming more uncompromising to injustice, kinder to goodness.
Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time.

21) Task No. cA2891
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The word "mother" is a special word. It is born with us, accompanies us in the years of growing up and maturity. It is babbled by a child in a cradle. Pronounced with love by the young man and the very old man. The language of every nation has this word. And in all languages ​​it sounds tender and affectionate.
The place of a mother in our lives is special, exceptional. We always bring our joy and pain to her and find understanding. Mother's love inspires, gives strength, inspires heroism. In difficult life circumstances, we always remember our mother. And at this moment we only need her. A man calls his mother and believes that no matter where she is, she hears him, has compassion and is in a hurry to help. The word “mother” becomes equivalent to the word “life”.
How many artists, composers, poets have created wonderful works about mothers! "Take care of mothers!" – the famous poet Rasul Gamzatov proclaimed in his poem. Unfortunately, we realize too late that we forgot to say a lot of good and kind words to our mother. To prevent this from happening, you need to give them joy every day and hour. After all, grateful children are the best gift for them.

22) Task No. 3ee3FD
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Each of us once had favorite toys. Perhaps every person has a bright and tender memory associated with them, which he carefully keeps in his heart. A favorite toy is the most vivid memory from every person’s childhood.
In the age of computer technology, real toys no longer attract as much attention as virtual ones. But despite all the emerging new products, such as telephones and computer equipment, the toy still remains unique and irreplaceable of its kind, because nothing teaches and develops a child more than a toy with which he can communicate, play and even acquire life skills. experience.
A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, make him mentally healthy, instill love for others, form a correct understanding of good and evil, you need to carefully choose a toy, remembering that it will bring into his world not only its image, but also behavior, attributes, as well as a value system and worldview. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys.

23) Task No. 514cD3
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Times are changing, new generations are coming, for whom, it would seem, everything is different from the previous ones: tastes, interests, life goals. But intractable personal issues, meanwhile, for some reason remain unchanged. Today's teenagers, like their parents in their time, are concerned about the same things. How to attract the attention of someone you like? How to distinguish infatuation from true love?
A youthful dream of love is, no matter what they say, first of all, a dream of mutual understanding. After all, a teenager definitely needs to realize himself in communication with peers: to demonstrate his ability to sympathize and empathize. And just to show his qualities and abilities to those who are friendly towards him, who are ready to understand him.
Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two people in each other. Trust, which reveals in everyone the best that a person is capable of. True love certainly includes friendships, but is not limited to them. It is always greater than friendship, since only in love do we recognize another person’s full right to everything that makes up our world.

24) Task No. A08E59
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The essence of the concept of “power” lies in the ability of one person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. A tree, if not disturbed, grows straight up. But even if it does not manage to grow evenly, then it, bending under obstacles, tries to get out from under them and stretch upward again. So is man. Sooner or later he will want to disobey. Submissive people usually suffer, but if once they have managed to throw off their “burden,” they often turn into tyrants themselves.
If you command everywhere and everyone, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. Such a person will always be lonely. After all, he does not know how to communicate on equal terms. Inside he has a dull, sometimes unconscious anxiety. And he feels calm only when people unquestioningly carry out his orders. The commanders themselves are unhappy people, and they breed misfortune, even if they achieve good results.
Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages knows how to take responsibility for actions. This approach preserves the mental health of both the person himself and those around him.

25) Task No. 9F7F88
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The Great Patriotic War is receding further into the past, but the memory of it is alive in the hearts and souls of people. Indeed, how can we forget our unprecedented feat, our irreparable sacrifices made in the name of victory over the most insidious and cruel enemy - German fascism. The severity of the four years of war cannot be compared with any other years in our history.
But a person’s memory weakens over time, and bit by bit the secondary things disappear from it: less significant and bright; and then – the essential. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans, those who went through the war and could talk about it. If documents and works of art do not reflect the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. And this cannot be allowed!
The theme of the Great Patriotic War has nourished our literature and art for decades. Many wonderful films have been made about the life and feats of man during the war, and wonderful works of literature have been created. And there is no intentionality here, there is pain that does not leave the soul of the people who lost millions of human lives during the war years. But the most important thing in a conversation on this topic is to maintain moderation and tact in relation to the truth of the war, to its participants, the living, but mainly the dead.

26) Task No. DE398F
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I was betrayed by a loved one, I was betrayed by my best friend. Unfortunately, we hear such statements quite often. Most often, those in whom we have invested our souls betray. The pattern here is this: the greater the benefit, the stronger the betrayal. In such situations, one recalls the statement of Victor Hugo: “I am indifferent to the knife blows of an enemy, but the pin prick of a friend is painful to me.”
Many endure bullying, hoping that the traitor’s conscience will awaken. But something that is not there cannot wake up. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it. A traitor usually explains his act by the interests of the case, but in order to justify the first betrayal, he commits a second, third, and so on ad infinitum.
Betrayal precisely destroys a person’s dignity, as a result, traitors behave differently. Someone defends their behavior, trying to justify what they did, someone falls into a feeling of guilt and fear of impending retribution, and someone simply tries to forget everything, without burdening themselves with emotions or thoughts. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty, worthless and meaningless.

27) Task No. Be2D18
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No matter how interesting a child’s home and school life may be, if he doesn’t read precious books, he will be deprived. Such losses are irreparable. Adults can read a book today or in a year - the difference is small. In childhood, time is counted differently, here every day there are discoveries. And the acuteness of perception in childhood is such that early impressions can later influence the rest of one’s life. Childhood impressions are the most vivid and lasting impressions. This is the foundation of future spiritual life, a golden fund.
In childhood, the seeds are sown. Not everyone will germinate, not everyone will bloom. But the biography of the human soul is the gradual germination of seeds sown in childhood.
Subsequent life is complex and varied. It consists of millions of actions, determined by many character traits and, in turn, forming this character. But if you trace and find the connection between phenomena, it will become obvious that every character trait of an adult, every quality of his soul and, perhaps, even every action of his were sown in childhood, and since then have had their own embryo, their own seed.

29) Task No. 1F0998
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There is simply no universal recipe for how to choose the right, the only true, destined path in life. And the final choice always remains with the person.
We make this choice already in childhood, when we choose friends, learn to build relationships with peers, and play. But we still make most of the most important decisions that determine our life path in our youth. According to scientists, the second half of the second decade of life is the most crucial period. It is at this time that a person, as a rule, chooses the most important thing for the rest of his life: his closest friend, his circle of main interests, his profession.
It is clear that such a choice is a responsible matter. It cannot be brushed aside, it cannot be put off until later. You shouldn’t hope that the mistake can be corrected later: you’ll have time, your whole life is ahead! Something, of course, will be able to be corrected and changed, but not everything. And wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. After all, success comes to those who know what they want, make decisive choices, believe in themselves and persistently achieve their goals.

30) Task No.c013D0
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Self-doubt is an ancient problem, but it attracted the attention of doctors, educators and psychologists relatively recently - in the middle of the 20th century. It was then that it became clear: ever-increasing self-doubt could cause a lot of troubles - even serious illnesses, not to mention everyday problems.
What about psychological problems? After all, self-doubt can serve as the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. Let's imagine how uncomfortable a dependent person feels: other people's assessments seem to him much more important and significant than his own; He sees each of his actions primarily through the eyes of those around him. And most importantly, he wants approval from everyone, from loved ones to passengers on the tram. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess the life situation.
How to overcome self-doubt? Some scientists are looking for an answer to this question based on physiological processes, others rely on psychology. One thing is clear: self-doubt can be overcome only if a person is able to correctly set goals, relate them to external circumstances and positively evaluate their results.

31) Task No. 2408B6
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When I was ten years old, someone’s caring hand gave me a volume of “Hero Animals.” I consider it my “alarm clock”. I know from other people that for them the “wake-up call” of the feeling of nature was a month spent in the village in the summer, a walk in the forest with a person who “opened his eyes to everything,” the first trip with a backpack...
There is no need to list everything that can awaken in human childhood interest and reverent attitude towards the great mystery of life. Growing up, a person must comprehend with his mind how complexly everything in the living world is intertwined and interconnected, how this world is strong and at the same time vulnerable, how everything in our lives depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of living nature. This school is a must have.
And yet, at the beginning of everything is Love. When awakened in time, it makes learning about the world interesting and exciting. With it, a person also finds a certain point of support, an important point of reference for all the values ​​of life. Love for everything that turns green, breathes, makes sounds, sparkles with colors, and there is love that brings a person closer to happiness.

32) Task No. 1E8AA8
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Is it possible to define what art is in one comprehensive formula? Of course not. Art is charm and witchcraft, it is the identification of the funny and the tragic, it is morality and immorality, it is the knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something separate, capable of existing outside of himself and remaining after him as his trace in history.
The moment a person turns to creativity is perhaps the greatest discovery, unparalleled in history. After all, through art, each individual person and the people as a whole comprehend their characteristics, their life, their place in the world. Art allows us to come into contact with personalities, peoples and civilizations that are distant from us in time and space. And not just touch, but recognize and understand them, because the language of art is universal, and it is this that makes it possible for humanity to feel itself as a single whole.
That is why, since ancient times, an attitude towards art has been formed not as entertainment or amusement, but as a powerful force capable of not only capturing the image of time and man, but also passing it on to descendants.

33) Task No. 03C806
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In a society where the idea of ​​individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about such things as mutual assistance and mutual assistance. And human society was formed and continues to exist thanks to a common cause and helping the weak, thanks to the fact that each of us complements each other. And how can we now support the completely opposite point of view, which says that there are no other interests than our own? And the point here is not even that it sounds selfish, the point is that it is in this issue that personal and public interests intertwine.
Do you understand how much deeper this is than it seems? After all, individualism destroys society, and therefore weakens us. And only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society.
And what is more in line with our common interests – mutual assistance or primitive selfishness? There can be no two opinions here. We must help each other if we all want to live well together and not depend on anyone. And when helping people in difficult times, you don’t have to wait for gratitude, you just need to help without looking for benefits for yourself, then they will help you in return, for sure.

34) Task No. 173233
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I remember hundreds of boys’ answers to the question: what kind of person do you want to become? - Strong, brave, courageous, smart, resourceful, fearless... And no one said - kind. Why is kindness not on a par with such virtues as courage and bravery? But without kindness, genuine warmth of the heart, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible.
And experience confirms that good feelings should be rooted in childhood. If they are not raised in childhood, you will never educate them, because they are acquired simultaneously with the knowledge of the first and most important truths, the main one of which is the value of life, someone else’s, your own, the life of the animal world and plants. Humanity, kindness, goodwill are born in worries, worries, joys and sorrows.
Good feelings, emotional culture are the center of humanity. Today, when there is already enough evil in the world, we should be more tolerant, attentive and kind towards each other, towards the living world around us and do the bravest acts in the name of good. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and only path for a person. It is tested, it is true, it is useful - both to the individual and to society as a whole.

35) Task No. 161694
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In childhood, a person is happy, as they say now, by default. By nature, a child is a creature instinctively predisposed to happiness. No matter how difficult and even tragic his life may be, he still rejoices and constantly finds new and new reasons for this. Perhaps because he has nothing to compare his life with yet, he does not yet suspect that it could be somehow different. But, most likely, it is still because the child’s soul has not yet had time to be covered with a protective shell and is more open to goodness and hopes than the soul of an adult.
And with age, everything seems to turn inside out. No matter how calm and prosperous our life develops, we will not calm down until we find some thorn in it, a clumsiness, a problem, we cling to it, and feel deeply unhappy. And we believe in the drama we have invented, we sincerely complain about it to our friends, we waste time, health, mental strength on worries...
Only when a truly real tragedy happens do we understand how absurd imaginary suffering is and how trivial the reason for it is. Then we grab our heads and say to ourselves: “Lord, what a fool I was when I suffered because of some nonsense. No, to live for your own pleasure and enjoy every minute.”